Table 3.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Associations between Baseline Characteristics and Initiation of Cigarette Smoking at 18 Months
| Characteristics | Initiation of Cigarette Smoking | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | AOR* (95% CI) | |
| Ever E-Cigarette Use† | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 7.98 (1.87–34.1) | 6.82 (1.65–28.25) |
| Age, y | ||
| 18–20 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 21–23 | 0.86 (0.39–1.86) | 0.86 (0.37–2.01) |
| 24–26 | 0.83 (0.31–2.19) | 0.67 (0.19–2.44) |
| 27–30 | 0.55 (0.21–1.44) | 0.31 (0.10–0.95) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Male | 1.19 (0.62–2.27) | 1.09 (0.54–2.20) |
| Race/Ethnicity‡ | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.17 (0.42–3.26) | 1.36 (0.44–4.19) |
| Hispanic | 3.18 (1.44–7.05) | 3.13 (1.28–7.63) |
| Other§ | 1.88 (0.74–4.76) | 1.82 (0.74–4.50) |
| Relationship Status | ||
| Single | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| In a committed relationship | 1.16 (0.61–2.21) | 1.25 (0.57–2.73) |
| Living Situation | ||
| With parent/guardian | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| With significant other | 1.26 (0.55–2.91) | 2.77 (0.85–9.01) |
| Otherǁ | 1.51 (0.70–3.24) | 1.77 (0.79–3.97) |
| Yearly Household Income | ||
| Low (under $30,000) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Medium ($30,000–74,999) | 0.52 (0.24–1.15) | 0.45 (0.19–1.06) |
| High ($75,000 or more) | 0.62 (0.29–1.36) | 0.82 (0.33–2.01) |
| Education Level | ||
| High school or less | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Some college | 0.73 (0.35–1.50) | 0.75 (0.35–1.60) |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 0.67 (0.30–1.50) | 1.03 (0.32–3.26) |
| Self Esteem¶ | ||
| Low | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| High | 0.79 (0.41–1.50) | 0.53 (0.28–1.01) |
| Sensation Seeking | ||
| Low | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Medium | 1.86 (0.84–4.12) | 1.28 (0.59–2.77) |
| High | 2.58 (1.22–5.44) | 1.20 (0.47–3.05) |
| Rebelliousness | ||
| Low | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Medium | 1.21 (0.55–2.67) | 1.26 (0.52–3.04) |
| High | 4.41 (2.08–9.38) | 4.40 (1.77–10.93) |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.
*
Adjusted for all variables in the table.
†
Defined as having taken even a puff of an e-cigarette at baseline.
‡
Race and ethnic group were self-reported.
§
Includes Multiracial.
ǁ
Defined as not living with a parent/guardian or significant other.
¶
Item states “I have high self-esteem,” to which participants could respond with increasing levels of agreement.