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Model of autophagy-mediated −Zn tolerance mechanism in plants. During −Zn, autophagy is induced and supplies mobile Zn ions by degrading various proteins and organelles. This increases Zn bioavailability and alleviates −Zn. ⋅OH is generated in a light-dependent manner via the Fe-mediated Fenton-like reaction in chloroplasts. Production of ⋅OH is responsible for −Zn-induced chlorosis. IM, isolation membrane.
