Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for cancer-specific survival (CSS) in Ewing tumor patients

	Univariate		Multivariate
Variables	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Age (years)
≤ 10	Reference	< 0.001***	Reference	< 0.001***
11–20	1.874 (1.381–2.544)	< 0.001***	1.542 (1.132–2.101)	0.006**
21–30	2.407 (1.7063.397)	< 0.001***	1.846 (1.299–2.624)	0.001**
31–49	3.562 (2.444–5.190)	< 0.001***	3.574 (2.429–5.269)	< 0.001***
≥ 50	4.349 (2.657–7.120)	< 0.001***	4.100 (2.479–6.782)	< 0.001***
Gender
Male	Reference
Female	0.904 (0.743–1.101)	0.317
Race
White	Reference	0.016*	Reference	0.024*
Black	2.046 (1.258–3.327)	0.004**	2.000 (1.215–3.290)	0.006**
Other	1.0223 (0.710–1.475)	0.902	1.018 (0.703–1.475)	0.924
Primary site
Limb	Reference	< 0.001***	Reference	0.013*
Cranial	1.104 (0.701–1.740)	0.670	1.436 (0.886–2.329)	0.142
Spine	1.421 (0.986–2.049)	0.060	1.394 (0.947–2.052)	0.093
Thoracic	1.049 (0.783–1.407)	0.747	0.897 (0.662–1.215)	0.482
Pelvic	1.817 (1.458–2.265)	< 0.001***	1.408(1.105–1.794)	0.006**
Tumor size (cm)
< 5	Reference	< 0.001***	Reference	< 0.001***
5–8	1.359 (0.992–1.862)	0.056	1.339 (0.965–1.857)	0.081
> 8	2.017 (1.510–2.695)	< 0.001***	1.877 (1.370–2.572)	< 0.001***
Tumor extent
Localized	Reference	< 0.001***	Reference	< 0.001***
Regional	1.543 (1.163–2.047)	0.003**	1.400 (1.046–1.874)	0.024*
Metastatic	4.001 (3.014–5.311)	< 0.001***	3.409 (2.520–4.611)	< 0.001***
Cancer-directed surgery
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	0.563 (0.465–0.683)	< 0.001***	0.925 (0.740–1.156)	0.491
Radiation
No	Reference	0.001**	Reference
Yes	1.366 (1.130–1.652)		1.079 (0.882–1.319)	0.461
Chemotherapy
No	Reference	< 0.001***	Reference
Yes	0.431 (0.283–0.656)		0.452 (0.291–0.700)	< 0.001***

p value < 0.05*, < 0.01**, < 0.001***