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. 2020 Mar 4;10:4024. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60844-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Proliferation of LNCaP cells is increased by E₂ only in an AR-dependent manner. LNCaP cell number after treatment, with and without R1881, of either E₂ (A), PPT (B), DPN (C), tamoxifen (D), raloxifene (E), bazedoxifene (F), lasofoxifene (G), toremifene (H), and fulvestrant (I). Values were determined with crystal violet staining and are presented as the average ± standard error of the mean (n = 8 samples/treatment). Data from one representative experiment out of six independent experiments is shown. Asterisks (***p < 0.001) indicate that modulation of proliferation is significant in at least four out of six independent experiments.