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. 2020 Mar 4;10:3980. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60948-w

Table 1.

Foods and beverage items most representative of each cluster of food additives, Open Food Facts database, France 2019*.

Cluster 1: dyes and glazing agents mostly used in sweets Cluster 2: wide range of additives mostly used in sandwiches and sugary desserts Cluster 3: stabilizers and emulsifiers mostly used in biscuits and cakes
Product n° Food group Generic name Cluster score Nutri-Score Product n° Food group Generic name Cluster score Nutri-Score Product n° Food group Generic name Cluster score Nutri-Score
1 Chocolate products chocolate 49,03 E 1 Biscuits and cakes pastry 21,67 D 1 Biscuits and cakes éclair 14,07 D
2 Chocolate products chocolate 49,03 E 2 Biscuits and cakes pastry 21,17 D 2 Biscuits and cakes cake 13,56 E
3 Chocolate products chocolate 45,31 E 3 Sandwiches fish burger 18,22 D 3 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 13,56 E
4 Sweets chocolate 43,53 E 4 Sandwiches burger 18,08 D 4 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 13,56 E
5 Chocolate products chocolate 40,17 E 5 Ice cream vanilla ice cream 17,47 D 5 Biscuits and cakes strawberry cake 12,89 D
6 Sweets candy 39,89 D 6 Ice cream chocolate ice cream 17,47 D 6 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 12,89 D
7 Sweets candy 39,89 D 7 Sandwiches burger 16,90 D 7 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 12,89 D
8 Chocolate products chocolate 39,72 E 8 Sandwiches burger 16,90 D 8 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 12,89 D
9 Sweets candy 39,24 D 9 Biscuits and cakes pastry 16,71 D 9 Biscuits and cakes éclair 12,89 D
10 Sweets candy 39,24 D 10 Biscuits and cakes pastry 16,55 D 10 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 12,89 D
11 Sweets candy 37,06 D 11 Biscuits and cakes pastry 16,53 C 11 Biscuits and cakes pastry 12,86 E
12 Sweets candy mix 35,41 D 12 Biscuits and cakes pastry 16,31 E 12 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 12,38 E
13 Chocolate products chocolate 35,41 C 13 Sandwiches burger 16,02 D 13 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 12,38 E
14 Chocolate products chocolate 35,35 E 14 Biscuits and cakes pastry 15,44 C 14 Biscuits and cakes pastry 12,01 D
15 Chocolate products chocolate 35,35 E 15 Sandwiches burger 15,40 D 15 Biscuits and cakes pastry 12,01 E
16 Sweets candy mix 35,31 D 16 Pastries brioche 15,32 D 16 Biscuits and cakes pastry 12,01 D
17 Sweets candy mix 34,89 D 17 Pastries brioche 15,32 D 17 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,90 E
18 Sweets candy mix 34,89 D 18 Ice cream ice cream 15,12 C 18 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,90 E
19 Sweets candy mix 34,82 D 19 Sandwiches burger 15,11 D 19 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 11,90 E
20 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 20 Sandwiches burger 14,92 D 20 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,90 E
21 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 21 Sandwiches burger 14,92 D 21 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,90 E
22 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 22 Biscuits and cakes pastry 14,91 D 22 Biscuits and cakes assorted biscuits 11,82 E
23 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 23 Biscuits and cakes macaroon 14,89 D 23 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 11,82 E
24 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 24 Dairy desserts pastry 14,70 C 24 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 11,82 E
25 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 25 Dairy desserts pastry 14,70 C 25 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 11,75 E
26 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 26 Biscuits and cakes pastry 14,69 D 26 Biscuits and cakes strawberry cake 11,70 D
27 Sweets candy mix 34,68 D 27 Sandwiches sandwich 14,68 D 27 Biscuits and cakes Japaneese cake 11,70 D
28 Ice cream ice cream 34,37 D 28 Biscuits and cakes raspberry pastry 14,39 D 28 Biscuits and cakes pastry 11,69 D
29 Ice cream vanilla ice cream 34,06 C 29 Biscuits and cakes brioche 14,21 D 29 Biscuits and cakes pastry 11,59 D
30 Sweets candy 33,69 D 30 Biscuits and cakes pastry 14,20 C 30 Biscuits and cakes pastry 11,59 D
31 Sweets candy mix 33,23 D 31 Dairy desserts coco mousse 14,15 C 31 Biscuits and cakes éclair 11,59 D
32 Sweets candy 32,95 D 32 Sandwiches burger 14,12 D 32 Biscuits and cakes éclair 11,59 D
33 Sweets candy 32,95 D 33 Biscuits and cakes strawberry pastry 14,10 C 33 Biscuits and cakes pastry 11,44 D
34 Sweets candy 32,95 D 34 Biscuits and cakes pastry 14,09 D 34 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,32 D
35 Sweets candy 32,82 E 35 Ice cream baked Alaska 13,99 D 35 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,32 D
36 Sweets candy 32,32 E 36 Ice cream fruit ice cream 13,92 D 36 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,32 D
37 Chocolate products chocolate 32,10 E 37 Sandwiches fish burger 13,86 D 37 Biscuits and cakes éclair 11,21 D
38 Sweets candy 31,92 D 38 Ice cream fruit ice cream 13,78 C 38 Biscuits and cakes éclair 11,21 D
39 Sweets candy mix 31,64 D 39 Dairy desserts lemon entremets 13,72 E 39 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,21 D
40 Sweets candy 31,23 D 40 Biscuits and cakes pastry 13,60 D 40 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,21 D
41 Chocolate products chocolate 31,22 D 41 Other pastry 13,56 D 41 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,18 E
42 Chocolate products chocolate 30,81 E 42 Biscuits and cakes pastry 13,52 D 42 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 11,09 C
43 Sweets candy mix 30,28 C 43 Sandwiches burger 13,51 D 43 Biscuits and cakes chocolate cake 11,06 E
44 Sweets candy 29,78 E 44 Sandwiches sandwich 13,44 D 44 Biscuits and cakes pastry 10,82 C
45 Sweets candy mix 29,56 D 45 Biscuits and cakes pastry 13,40 D 45 Biscuits and cakes pastry 10,82 D
46 Sweets candy 28,96 E 46 Sandwiches sandwich 13,36 D 46 Biscuits and cakes pastry 10,82 C
47 Chocolate products chocolate 28,96 E 47 Sandwiches chicken sandwich 13,36 D 47 Biscuits and cakes pastry 10,82 D
48 Biscuits and cakes biscuits 28,60 D 48 Fish and seafood fish salad 13,35 C 48 Biscuits and cakes pastry 10,69 E
49 Sweets candy 28,54 D 49 One-dish meals crepe 13,28 D 49 Biscuits and cakes pastry 10,69 E
50 Sweets candy 28,29 D 50 Pastries brioche 13,23 D 50 Biscuits and cakes pastry 10,69 E
Cluster 4: sweeteners mostly used in sugar-free chewing gums and artificially sweetened beverages Cluster 5: flavor enhancers additives mostly used in instant noodles and other umami-tasting foods Cluster 6: preservatives and antioxidants mostly used in processed meat
Product n° Food group Generic name Cluster score Nutri-Score Product n° Food group Generic name Cluster score Nutri-Score Product n° Food group Generic name Cluster score Nutri-Score
1 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 49,23 B 1 One-dish meals instant noodles 35,75 E 1 One-dish meals pork macaroni gratin 19,95 C
2 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 49,23 B 2 One-dish meals instant noodles 33,48 C 2 One-dish meals endive gratin with pork 19,95 C
3 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 48,53 D 3 One-dish meals instant noodles 33,27 C 3 Processed meat diced ham 19,48 D
4 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 48,53 B 4 One-dish meals instant noodles 32,76 C 4 Sandwiches croque-monsieur 19,38 D
5 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 48,53 B 5 One-dish meals instant noodles 32,53 C 5 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 18,61 D
6 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 6 One-dish meals instant noodles 32,53 C 6 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 18,61 D
7 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 7 One-dish meals instant noodles 31,83 E 7 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 18,61 D
8 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 8 One-dish meals instant noodles 31,41 C 8 Processed meat diced ham 18,18 D
9 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 9 One-dish meals instant noodles 31,32 C 9 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 17,76 D
10 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 10 One-dish meals instant noodles 31,32 C 10 One-dish meals sauerkraut 17,55 D
11 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 11 One-dish meals instant noodles 31,20 C 11 One-dish meals cassoulet 17,55 B
12 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 12 One-dish meals instant noodles 31,20 C 12 Processed meat sauerkraut 17,55 D
13 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 13 One-dish meals instant noodles 30,69 C 13 One-dish meals Cantonese rice with ham 17,02 D
14 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 D 14 One-dish meals instant noodles 30,69 C 14 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 16,24 B
15 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 15 One-dish meals instant noodles 29,28 C 15 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 15,96 D
16 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 16 One-dish meals instant noodles 29,25 C 16 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 15,96 D
17 Other chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 C 17 One-dish meals instant noodles 29,25 C 17 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 15,96 C
18 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 C 18 One-dish meals instant noodles 29,25 C 18 Pizzas pies and quiches quiche with ham 15,96 D
19 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 C 19 One-dish meals instant noodles 28,82 C 19 One-dish meals crepe with ham 15,83 D
20 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 20 One-dish meals instant noodles 28,82 C 20 Processed meat chicken ham 15,81 C
21 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 21 One-dish meals instant noodles 28,82 C 21 Meat and eggs turkey ham 15,81 C
22 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 22 One-dish meals instant noodles 28,08 C 22 Processed meat chicken ham 15,81 C
23 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 23 Other dried broth 27,61 D 23 Meat and eggs pork roulades 15,61 D
24 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 24 One-dish meals instant noodles 27,49 C 24 Processed meat sausage 15,61 D
25 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 B 25 One-dish meals instant noodles 27,40 C 25 Processed meat sausage 15,61 E
26 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,59 C 26 One-dish meals instant noodles 27,40 C 26 Processed meat sausage 15,61 E
27 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,47 B 27 One-dish meals instant noodles 27,40 C 27 Processed meat sausage 15,61 E
28 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 46,47 B 28 One-dish meals instant noodles 27,40 C 28 Processed meat sausage 15,61 E
29 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 45,78 B 29 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 29 Processed meat sausage 15,61 E
30 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 44,54 B 30 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 E 30 Processed meat sausage 15,61 D
31 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 43,79 B 31 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 31 Processed meat sausage 15,61 E
32 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 43,79 B 32 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 32 Processed meat sausage 15,61 D
33 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 43,79 B 33 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 33 Processed meat sausage 15,61 D
34 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 43,79 B 34 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 34 Processed meat sausage 15,61 E
35 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 43,09 B 35 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 35 Processed meat sausage 15,48 E
36 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 42,94 C 36 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 36 One-dish meals delicatessen product 15,48 D
37 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 41,20 B 37 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 37 Meat and eggs cooked chicken slices 15,22 E
38 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 41,20 B 38 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 38 Processed meat sausage 15,18 B
39 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 41,20 C 39 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 39 Processed meat sausage 15,18 D
40 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 40,30 B 40 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 40 Processed meat turkey ham 14,87 D
41 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,81 B 41 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 41 One-dish meals tandoori chicken 14,87 D
42 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,64 B 42 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 42 Sandwiches croque-monsieur 14,87 C
43 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,64 B 43 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 43 Cereals ready to eat pastas with ham 14,78 D
44 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,64 B 44 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 D 44 Processed meat delicatessen product 14,77 C
45 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,60 B 45 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,98 C 45 Processed meat delicatessen product 14,77 D
46 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,60 B 46 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,78 C 46 Meat and eggs rabbit roulades 14,62 D
47 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,48 B 47 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,78 C 47 Meat and eggs rabbit roulades 14,62 D
48 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,48 B 48 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,78 C 48 One-dish meals delicatessen product 14,44 D
49 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,48 B 49 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,78 C 49 One-dish meals ham cake 14,24 D
50 Sweets chewing gum with sweeteners 39,48 B 50 One-dish meals instant noodles 26,75 C 50 Processed meat turkey ham 14,24 D

*This table displays the 50 food or beverage items with the highest score (synthetic cluster variable) for each of the 6 food additive clusters. Details on food additive clusters are available in Appendix 8.

All food products in this table were categorized as NOVA “4”.