Table 1.
Characteristics of training studies.
| Study identifier | First author | Study description | Timing of diagnosis | N | Age | Male | Severity | Platform | Country | Bacterial | Viral | Noninfected |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-MEXP-3589 | Almansa | Patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbation | Hospital/ICU admission | 23 | 70.1a | 18 (78) | unk. | Agilent | Spain | 4 (17) | 5 (22) | 14 (61) |
| E-MTAB-1548 | Almansa | Surgical patients with sepsis (EXPRESS) | Average post-operation day 4 | 140 | 69.7 (± 13.1) | 96 (69) | APACHE II 17.0 (±5.4) | Agilent | Spain | 82 (59) | 0 | 58 (41) |
| E-MTAB-5273 / 5274 | Burnham | Sepsis due to faecal peritonitis or pneumonia | Within one day of ICU admission | 228 | 65.4 (±15.5) | 128 (56) | APACHE II 17.1a, SOFA 6.2a | Illumina | UK | 228 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| GSE13015 (GPL6106) | Pankla | Sepsis, many cases from burkholderia | Within 48 h of diagnosis; both community-acquired and hospital-acquired | 45 | 54.1 (±11.5) | 26 (58) | Survivor: 32; Non-survivor: 13 | Illumina | Thailand | 45 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| GSE13015 (GPL6947) | 15 | 53.5 (±12.3) | 6 (40) | Survivor: 8; Non-survivor: 7 | 15 (100) | 0 | 0 | |||||
| GSE20346 | Parnell | Influenza and bacterial pneumonia in ICU | “At peak symptoms” | 10 | 51 (range 21-75) | 4 (40) | Apache II 18.8 (range 10-33) | Illumina | Australia | 6 (60) | 4 (40) | 0 |
| GSE21802 | Bermejo-Martin | Pandemic H1N1 in ICU | Within 48 h of ICU admission | 12 | unk. | 6 (50) | SOFA 3.7 | Illumina | Canada | 0 | 12 (100) | 0 |
| GSE27131 | Berdal | Severe H1N1 | Admission to ICU | 7 | 41.1 (±12.7) | 6 (86) | SAPS II 29.3 (±11.2) | Affymetrix | Norway | 0 | 7 (100) | 0 |
| GSE28750 | Sutherland | Sepsis or post-surgical SIRS | Admission to ICU | 21 | unk. | 11 (52) | unk. | Affymetrix | Australia | 10 (48) | 0 | 11 (52) |
| GSE40012 | Parnell | Bacterial or influenza A pneumonia or SIRS | Admission to ICU | 34 | 55.4a | 19 (56) | APACHE II 16.7a | Illumina | Australia | 16 (47) | 6 (18) | 12 (35) |
| GSE42834 | Bloom | Bacterial pneumonia or sarcoidosis | Unk. | 82 | unk. | 42 (51) | unk. | Illumina | UK, France | 14 (17) | 0 | 68 (83) |
| GSE57065 | Cazalis | Septic shock | Admission to ICU | 28b | Median 62 (IQR 54-76) | 19 (68) | SAPS II median 45 (IQR 34-56); SOFA median 10 (IQR 9-13) | Affymetrix | France | 82b (100) | 0 | 0 |
| GSE60244 | Suarez | Lower respiratory tract infections | Within 24 h of admission | 93 | 62.2 (±18.1) | 37 (40) | unk. | Illumina | USA | 22 (24) | 71 (76) | 0 |
| GSE65682 | Scicluna | Suspected but negative for CAP | Within 24 h of ICU admission | 33 | 55.2 (±17.2) | 22 (67) | APACHE IV median 74 (IQR 49-112) | Affymetrix | Netherlands | 0 | 0 | 33 (100) |
| GSE68310 | Zhai | Outpatients with acute respiratory viral infections | Within 48 h of onset | 104 | unk. | 50 (48) | unk. | Illumina | USA | 0 | 104 (100) | 0 |
| GSE69528 | Khaenam | Sepsis, many cases from burkholderia | Unk. | 83 | unk. | 39 (47) | unk. | Illumina | Thailand | 83 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| GSE82050 | Tang | Moderate and severe influenza infection | Within 24 h of admission | 24 | 60.8 (±19.6) | 14 (58) | ICU: 5 (21); Mech.vent.: 4 (16% | Agilent | Germany | 0 | 24 (100) | 0 |
| GSE111368 | Dunning | Influenza H1N1 and B | At recruitment | 33 | 38.3 (±12.8) | 15 (45) | No SupplementaryO2: 16 (48); O2 by mask: 11 (33); Mech. Vent.: 6 (18) | Illumina | UK | 0 | 33 (100) | 0 |
Numbers in parentheses for Male sex and infection status indicate percentages.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; TB, tuberculosis; Unk., unknown; ICU, intensive care unit.
a Study description is taken from the study’s corresponding publication and includes some patients that were excluded from IMX.
b Study includes 28 patients assayed at admission and at 24 h and/or 48 h post admission; all 82 time-points were included in IMX.