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. 2020 Mar 4;10:4026. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60693-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The time-frequency results for aware and unaware errors during the response period. Panel a shows the grand-average time-frequency representations (expressed as ER%) for aware and unaware errors and the difference time-frequency representations (aware errors minus unaware errors) within the defined S-ROIs, including fronto-central region [(Fz + FCz + Cz)/3] and occipito-parietal region [(Pz + P3 + P4 + POz + PO3 + PO4)/6]. The corresponding difference p map is the result of bootstrapping statistical analysis at the significance level of p < 0.05 (FDR corrected), which is used to define the TF-ROI in each S-ROI. Note that a pre-response interval from −600 to −100 ms is used as the baseline. The time-frequency pixels displaying a significant difference from the baseline are colored in blue. The significant task-related TF-ROIs are outlined in the rectangles. Each row corresponds to one S-ROI corresponding to the largest modulation of the task-related effects. X-axis, time (ms); Y-axis, frequency (Hz). Panel b shows the scalp topographies of ERSP magnitudes for aware and unaware errors and the difference topographies (aware errors minus unaware errors) within the defined TF-ROIs (theta band: 4–7 Hz, −150 to 200 ms; alpha band: 8–14 Hz, 200 to 600 ms). The significant task-related S-ROIs are outlined in the white rectangles. Panel c shows mean ERSP magnitudes (expressed as ER%) for aware and unaware errors in the theta and alpha bands, respectively.