Table 1:

Patient Characteristics

Patient Characteristic	No. (%) or mean ± standard deviation
Total No. Patients	15,657
Gender
Male	6,144 (39.2%)
Female	9,513 (60.8%)
Age	49.4 ± 11.2
Type of Surgery
General	5,362 (34.2%)
Joint and spine	5,543 (35.4%)
Oncologic	824 (5.3%)
Cardiothoracic/Vascular	758 (4.8%)
Gynecologic	3,170 (20.2%)
Comorbidity
Cardiovascular disease	1,723 (11.0%)
Pulmonary	767 (4.9%)
Diabetes	2,066 (13.2%)
Kidney disease	133 (0.8%)
Liver disease	92 (0.6%)
Other gastrointestinal	500 (3.2%)
Coagulopathy	562 (3.6%)
Morbid obesity	1,624 (10.4%)
Musculoskeletal	636 (4.1%)
Cancer	1,548 (9.9%)
Psychiatric	591 (3.8%)