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. 2020 Feb 26;11:230. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00230

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Copyright © 2020 Westphal, Görlich, Kampmeier, Herzog, Braun, Hitschke, Staphylococcal CF Study Group, Mellmann, Peters and Kahl.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Population structure according to spa clonal complexes (CC) of S. aureus CF isolates. This figure demonstrates the clonal relatedness of all 265 spa-types of the 3893 S. aureus study across the 17 participating centers consisting of 16 German and 1 Austrian center. The analysis of the relationship of spa-types was performed based on the BURP algorithm as implemented in the Ridom StaphType software. 192 of the spa-types could be assigned to 12 CC: CC015, CC02, CC05, CC08, CC084, CC166, CC189, CC1245/5761, CC159/284/435, CC359, CC078, and CC156. The main founder spa-type is shown in blue in the middle of each CC, the sub founder marked in yellow, which leads to the following branch. All descendant spa-types are grouped around their respective founder. The size of each circle demonstrates the number of S. aureus isolates with the respective spa-type. For 19 spa-types, the BURP algorithm could determine no founder spa-type and therefore no clonal complex. These spa-types are presented as “no founder” and appear at the bottom of the figure. Thirty-six spa-types could not be related to other spa-types in our study. Therefore, BURP assigned them as singletons (dots not shown in this figure). Spa-types with four or less repeats were excluded from the analysis (n = 18, <1% of all spa-types), since no reliable information about the phylogenetic relatedness can be inferred. Singletons: t099, t185, t246, t370, t377, t488, t647, t746, t803, t1345, t1406, t1416, t1491, t1707, t2441, t2553, t2845, t3258, t5152, t5682, t5683, t5688, t5690, t5758, t5759, t6191, t6193, t6194, t6195, t6375, t7271, t9886, t9887, t9888, t9896, t12680. Excluded spa-types: t026, t103, t129, t227, t362, t390, t524, t559, t605, t693, t779, t1050, t1544, t1991, t2383, t3745, t5687, t7065.