TABLE 3.

Associations Between General/Cultural Variables and Parent–Child (Dis)agreement on Verbal Punitive Behavior

	Standardized Difference Score (Disagreement)					Q-Correlation (Agreement)
	B	SE B	β	ΔR2	f2	B	SE B	β	ΔR2	f2
Step 1
Child Gender	.02	.26	−.13			.14	.10	.13
Child Age	.13	.04	.29**			−.02	.02	−.13
Parental Distress	.02	.22	.01	.09*	.10	−.17	.09	−.20	.07*	.08
Step 2
General Variables
Relationship Closeness	−.43	.21	−.21*	.04*	.05	.25	.08	.32**	.09**	.10
Cultural Variables
Acculturative Stress	−.20	.24	−.10	ns		−.13	.09	−.16	ns	—
Acculturation Conflict – C	.29	.14	.20*			−.08	.06	−.14
Acculturation Conflict – P	−.25	.19	−.14	.05†	.06	.07	.07	.98	ns	—
Chinese Culture
Public Domain – C	−.22	.18	−.12			.28	.45	.41
Public Domain – P	−.14	.24	−.06			.12	.10	.12
Interaction (Child × Parent)	.16	.36	.04	ns	—	−.07	.11	−.38	ns	—
Chinese Culture
Private Domain – C	−.25	.22	−.12			.02	.09	.02
Private Domain – P	.03	.18	.02			−.02	.07	−.08
Interaction (Child × Parent)	−.37	.32	−.12	ns	—	.19	.13	.15	ns	—
American Culture
Public Domain – C	.25	.18	.14			−.12	.08	−.16
Public Domain – P	.04	.23	.02			.06	.09	.05
Interaction (Child × Parent)	.27	.45	.06	ns	—	.12	.18	.05	ns	—

^†p < .10.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.