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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nanoscale Horiz. 2019 Jun 28;5(1):25–42. doi: 10.1039/c9nh00291j

Table 1.

Biomimetic approaches for the design of CVD nanomedicine.

Design approach Description Representative example(s)
Single-ligand modification Nanoparticles modified with biomimetic functionality through the inclusion of naturally occurring biomolecules.

  • PLGA nanoparticle with an HDL shell.188

  • Sialyl Lewis X-conjugated polymersome.189

  • Glycocalicin-conjugated PLGA nanoparticle.206
Natural carrier Naturally existing nanostructures or their derivatives.

  • Tobacco mosaic virus.202

  • RBC membrane vesicle.191
Synthetic/natural hybrid Naturally occurring nanomaterials are combined with synthetic materials into a single hybrid nanostructure.

  • Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticle.179, 211–213

  • RBC membrane-coated nanoparticle.191, 216

  • Leukocyte-like liposome.190, 208
Modified live cell Live cells modified with natural nanomaterials to provide enhanced functionality.

  • Stem cell modified with platelet-derived nanovesicles.209
Stress-sensitivity Nanoparticles designed to respond to physical cues such as shear stress.

  • PLGA nanoparticle microaggregate.199, 200

  • Nanoparticle-adsorbed carrier RBC.201