Table 1. Characteristics of 115 participants by diagnostic category.
| LIP ( n = 41) | ADHD ( n = 63) | Dyslexia ( n = 11) | p- Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactive disorder; CI, confidence interval; FSIQ, Full Scale Intelligence Quotient; LIP, low intellectual performance; SD, standard deviation; VIQ, Verbal Intelligence Quotient. a The differences were statistically significant between LIP patients and the other 2 groups. b The differences were statistically significant between the LIP group and the group of patients with ADHD. c For the analysis of semantic fluency and phonological fluency test, we used scale scores, whereas for the VIQ and FSIQ, we used standard score. | ||||
| Age (years) (SD) | 10.8 (8.9–13.4) | 10 (8.11–12.4) | 10.3 (8–11.1) | 0.29 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 31 (76) | 42 (67) | 7 (63) | 0.57 |
| Semantic fluency median (95% CI) | 4 (3–7) | 9 (6–11) | 8 (7–11) | 0.0001 a |
| Phonological fluency, median (95% CI) | 4 (3–6) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 0.0005 b |
| VIQ, median (95% CI) | 67 (59–79) | 93 (87–99) | 91 (87–98) | 0.0001 a |
| FSIQ, median (95% CI) | 63 (54–71) | 88 (80–96) | 83 (80–98) | 0.0001 a |