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The model allows the appearance of four types of cells: wild-type cells (Wt), cells with a duplication (Dup) of a region that includes two essential genes (green), and cells with the duplication and a single (Δ1) or double (Δ2) inactivation of essential genes. All possible directions and rates of evolution are displayed and the inactivation of two essential genes is assumed to stabilize the duplication.
