Table 1. Population characteristics of adults in rural East Africa based on weighted SEARCH-CKD participants.
| Eastern Uganda N = 1169 | Southwestern Uganda N = 974 | Western Kenya N = 1543 | Total N = 3686 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| Female | 51.2 (46.4–56.0) | 51.7 (45.9–57.4) | 54.2 (50.5–57.8) | 52.4 (49.7–55.1) |
| Age categories | ||||
| 18–29 | 46.3 (41.4–51.3) | 34.3 (28.6–40.5) | 31.0 (27.4–34.9) | 37.3 (34.5–40.2) |
| 30–44 | 26.6 (23.0–30.5) | 37.1 (31.8–42.6) | 37.9 (34.6–41.4) | 33.7 (31.3–36.2) |
| 45–59 | 17.4 (14.6–20.5) | 18.3 (15.1–22.0) | 17.4 (15.3–19.8) | 17.7 (16.1–19.4) |
| ≥ 60 | 9.7 (7.8–12.1) | 10.3 (8.0–13.2) | 13.6 (11.7–15.7) | 11.3 (10.1–12.6) |
| Education level | ||||
| No formal education | 16.7 (13.8–19.9) | 14.3 (11.6–17.5) | 4.7 (3.7–6.0) | 11.6 (10.3–13.1) |
| Primary school | 59.6 (54.8–64.3) | 59.0 (53.3–64.4) | 82.1 (79.1–84.7) | 67.6 (65.0–70.1) |
| Secondary school and beyond | 23.7 (19.5–28.6) | 26.8 (21.8–32.4) | 13.2 (10.8–16.1) | 20.8 (18.5–23.3) |
| Wealth Index/score⟘ | ||||
| 1st quintile | 14.1 (11.5–17.0) | 21.6 (17.6–26.3) | 12.2 (9.9–14.8) | 15.6 (13.8–17.4) |
| 2nd quintile | 19.5 (16.1–23.3) | 22.0 (17.7–27.0) | 12.2 (10.1–14.8) | 17.6 (15.6–19.7) |
| 3rd quintile | 21.1 (17.3–25.6) | 19.3 (15.2–24.2) | 22.1 (19.3–25.2) | 21.0 (18.8–23.3) |
| 4th quintile | 25.0 (20.8–29.6) | 15.2 (11.7–19.7) | 24.0 (21.1–27.1) | 21.8 (19.7–24.1) |
| 5th quintile | 20.4 (16.6–24.8) | 21.9 (17.1–27.6) | 29.5 (26.4–32.9) | 24.1 (21.8–26.6) |
| Farmer | 67.4 (62.2–72.3) | 66.1 (60.1–71.6) | 47.8 (44.4–51.2) | 59.9 (57.2–62.5) |
| Tobacco use | ||||
| Current | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) | 10.3 (7.3–14.4) | 4.7 (3.6–6.3) | 5.6 (4.5–6.9) |
| Past | 2.7 (1.6–4.6) | 11.2 (8.4–14.7) | 3.9 (2.7–5.4) | 5.6 (4.5–6.8) |
| Any current alcohol use | 13.4 (10.3–17.2) | 18.9 (14.2–24.6) | 3.5 (2.4–5.1) | 11.3 (9.4–13.5) |
| Body Mass Index | ||||
| Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 19.7 (15.6–24.7) | 15.8 (11.7–21.0) | 13.7 (11.1–16.9) | 16.5 (14.3–19.0) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 62.8 (57.6–67.8) | 66.0 (60.2–71.3) | 71.2 (67.4–74.8) | 66.6 (63.8–69.4) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) | 14.0 (11.1–17.5) | 14.6 (11.3–18.7) | 11.7 (9.5–14.4) | 13.4 (11.7–15.3) |
| Obese (≥30.0 kg/m2) | 3.5 (2.2–5.5) | 3.6 (2.2–6.1) | 3.3 (2.2–4.9) | 3.5 (2.7–4.5) |
| HIV-positive | 3.1 (2.1–4.5) | 6.9 (5.2–9.1) | 17.6 (15.8–19.6) | 9.4 (8.5–10.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4.2 (2.7–6.6) | 5.8 (4.1–8.1) | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 3.8 (2.9–4.8) |
| Hypertension | 18.8 (15.7–22.3) | 20.6 (16.8–25.1) | 12.3 (10.4–14.6) | 16.9 (15.2–18.8) |
| Any NSAID use over the previous 90 days | 33.9 (29.5–38.6) | 49.2 (43.5–55.0) | 61.7 (58.1–65.1) | 48.4 (45.7–51.0) |
| Any traditional medicine use over the previous 90 days | 22.3 (18.9–26.2) | 43.7 (38.2–49.4) | 20.7 (17.9–23.8) | 27.9 (25.6–30.3) |
⟘Wealth index/score (divided in quintiles) was calculated using principal components analysis based on ownership of livestock and other household items items [29].
NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs