fig 4.

Overview of the different origin variants of the right vertebral artery.

A, Right vertebral artery from the aorta between the right subclavian and common carotid artery in cases of missing brachiocephalic arteries. One case has been described in the literature (Lippert H [1985]).

B, Right vertebral artery from the aorta on the left between the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. One case has been described in the literature (Wasserman BA [1992]).

C, Right vertebral artery from the aorta on the left, distal to the left subclavian artery. Seven cases have been described in the literature (Lie TA [1968], Newton TH [1974], Argenson C [1980], Sakamoto H [1980], Schwarzacher SW [1989], Takagi T [1992]), and in one case this was combined with coactation (Stoesslein F [1982]).

D, Right vertebral artery directly from the brachiocephalic artery. Three cases have been described in the literature (Daseler EH [1959], Argenson C [1980], Lippert H [1985]).

E, Right vertebral artery from the right common carotid artery without A. lusoria. Six cases have been reported in the literature (Daseler EH [1959], Koo K [1966], Lippert H [1985]).

F, Right vertebral artery from the right common carotid artery with A. lusoria. Ten cases have been reported in the literature (Iyer AA [1927], Windel WF [1928] Newton TH [1974], Bernard L [1975], Palmer FJ [1977] Tan WS [1979] Wackenheim A [1979]).

G. Right vertebral artery from the right internal carotid artery via the hypoglossal artery. One case has been reported in the literature (Keller HL [1973]).

H, Right vertebral artery from the right external carotid artery. There have been no known cases of this vertebral artery origin.

I, Right vertebral artery with double origin from the right subclavian artery. Eleven cases have been reported (Lie TA [1968], Babin E [1974], Argenson C [1980], Rath G [1984], Harada J [1987], Hashimoto [1987], Nishijima M [1989], Cavdar S [1989], Nogueira TE [1997], Takasato Y [1992]).

J, Right vertebral artery with double origin from the right subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic artery. One case has been reported in the literature (Kiss J [1968]).

K, Right vertebral artery with double origin from the right subclavian artery and the right thyreocervical trunk. One case has been reported in the literature (Lippert H [1985]).