Table 1.
Comparison between severe and non-severe dengue cases
| Variables | Non-severe dengue N = 17,403 | Severe dengue N = 243 | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 13,795 (79.3) | 188 (77.4) | 0.77 (0.567–1.04) | 0.08* |
| Female | 3,608 (20.7) | 55 (22.6) | – | – |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban north (N, %)† | 2,852 (16.39) | 26 (10.70) | NA | NA |
| Urban south (N, %) | 4,777 (27.45) | 90 (37.04) | 2.07 (1.33–3.21) | 0.001* |
| Urban east (N, %) | 1,709 (9.82) | 22 (9.05) | 1.41 (0.79–2.49) | 0.24* |
| Urban west (N, %) | 3,105 (17.84) | 41 (16.87) | 1.45 (0.88–2.37) | 0.14* |
| Urban center (N, %) | 4,960 (28.50) | 64 (26.34) | 1.42 (0.89–2.24) | 0.14* |
| Secondary dengue infection (Yes) | 4,260 (24.5) | 128 (52.7) | 3.43 (2.66–4.43) | < 0.0001* |
| Hospital admission | 10,501 (60.3) | 243 (100) | NA | < 0.0001* |
| Non-warning manifestations | ||||
| Headache (N, %) | 14,149 (81.3) | 183 (75.3) | 0.70 (0.52–0.94) | 0.02* |
| Musculoskeletal pain (N, %) | 11,747 (67.5) | 157 (64.6) | 0.88 (0.67–1.15) | 0.34* |
| Maculopapular skin rash (N, %) | 5,691 (32.7) | 50 (20.6) | 0.53 (0.39–0.73) | 0.0001* |
| Warning signs of the WHO 2009 dengue classification | ||||
| Abdominal pain or tenderness (N, %) | 6,074 (34.9) | 139 (57.2) | 2.49 (1.93–3.22) | < 0.0001* |
| Persistent vomiting (N, %) | 10,407 (59.8) | 154 (63.4) | 0.16 (0.89–1.51) | 0.26* |
| Mucosal bleeding (N, %) | 226 (1.3) | 13 (5.3) | 4.30 (2.42–7.63) | < 0.0001* |
| Hepatomegaly (N, %) | 592 (3.4) | 62 (25.5) | 9.73 (7.21–13.13) | < 0.0001* |
| Lethargy (N, %) | 10,163 (58.4) | 191 (78.6) | 2.62 (1.93–3.56) | < 0.0001* |
| Clinical fluid accumulation (N, %) | 418 (2.4) | 32 (13.2) | 6.16 (4.19–9.05) | < 0.0001* |
| Increased HCT with thrombocytopenia (N, %) | 278 (1.6) | 34 (14) | 10.02 (6.84–14.67) | < 0.0001* |
| Hematological and biochemical laboratory data | ||||
| Red blood cells (mean ± SD) (×103/mm3) | 4.23 ± 0.63 | 4.79 ± 0.85 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Hemoglobin (mean ± SD) (g/dL) | 12.78 ± 2.45 | 13.35 ± 2.86 | NA | 0.0003‡ |
| Hematocrit % (mean ± SD) | 38.41 ± 7.62 | 39.58 ± 8.25 | NA | 0.02‡ |
| White blood cells (mean ± SD) (×103/mm3) | 3.14 ± 1.01 | 3.43 ± 1.11 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Platelet count (mean ± SD) (×103/mm3) | 133.10 ± 42.68 | 79.56 ± 25.13 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Alanine aminotransferase (mean ± SD) (IU/L) | 63.35 ± 15.16 | 133.32 ± 31.39 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (mean ± SD) (IU/L) | 96.15 ± 31.87 | 244.25 ± 66.64 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Total serum bilirubin (mean ± SD) (mg/dL) | 0.83 ± 0.18 | 2.29 ± 0.59 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Direct serum bilirubin (mean ± SD) (mg/dL) | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.44 ± 0.14 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Serum albumin (mean ± SD) (g/dL) | 3.63 ± 0.55 | 3.16 ± 1.09 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
| Serum creatinine (mean ± SD) (mg/dL) | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 1.03 ± 0.37 | NA | < 0.0001‡ |
NA = not applicable.
* Chi-squared test.
† Base or reference category.
‡ Independent t-test.