Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects at baseline (n [%])/(M [P25, P75])
| Independent variable | Groups | χ2/Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. pylori-Ab(+), n = 2113 (30.6%) | H. pylori-Ab(−), n = 4,783 (69.4%) | |||
| Age (months, M) (P25, P75) | 12.1 (7.2, 18.4) | 12.4 (7.0, 19.7) | −2.48 | 0.01 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.34 | 0.59 | ||
| Male | 1,202 (30.9) | 2685 (69.1) | – | – |
| Female | 911 (30.3) | 2098 (69.7) | – | – |
| Hemoglobin (g/L, M) (P25, P75) | 118 (112, 124) | 117 (110, 122) | −2.18 | 0.03 |
| 25-OH-D (ng/mL, M) (P25, P75) | 26.3 (21.1, 28.2) | 26.7 (22.5, 28.6) | −3.84 | < 0.001 |
| Copper (μmol/L) | 13.3 (12.4, 14.0) | 13.2 (12.3, 13.9) | – | < 0.001 |
| Zinc (μmol/L) | 56.4 (50.3, 62.10) | 56.1 (50.5, 61.6) | – | 0.18 |
| Iron (μmol/L) | 7.3 (6.8, 7.8) | 7.2 (6.7, 7.8) | – | 0.02 |
| Magnesium (μmol/L) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.6) | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | – | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg, M) (P25, P75) | 9.8 (8.6, 11.3) | 9.9 (8.6, 11.5) | −0.50 | 0.62 |
| Height (cm, M) (P25, P75) | 75.4 (70.0,82.0) | 76.0 (70.0, 84.0) | −1.50 | 0.13 |
| Height-for-age Z score | −0.1 (−0.8, 0.6) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.8) | −8.878 | < 0.001 |
| Weight-for-age Z score | 0.0 (−0.7, 0.61) | 0.5 (−0.5, 0.6) | −0.39 | 0.70 |
| Place of residence (urban, 111 [12.7]; rural, 761 [87.3]) | ||||
| Urban, n (%) | 1,625 (29.6) | 3,856 (70.4) | 12.39 | < 0.001 |
| Rural, n (%) | 488 (34.5) | 927 (65.5) | – | – |
H. pylori-Ab = Helicobacter pylori antibody; M = median; P25 = the 25th percentile; P75 = the 75th percentile.