Table 1.

Salient demographics, and clinical and histopathological characteristics in the six leprosy patients with resistant mutations

Variables	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4	Case 5	Case 6
Place of origin	Darjeeling, West Bengal	Nepal	Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh	Dharbhanga, Bihar	Dhubri, Assam	Chikkaballapur, Karnataka
Year of evaluation	2008	2013	2014	2015	2017	2018
Endemic region	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
Follow-up in December 2018	Lost	Lost	Deficits stable. MDT for 12 months 5 years ago. No active disease	Lost	Deficits stable. On MDT for 12 months	Deficits stable. Stopped MDT after the 12-month course
Gender	M	M	M	F	M	M
Age at presentation (years)	45	22	61	14	32	24
Age at onset (years)	33	20	60	13	31	22
Duration of illness (months)	144	24	18	12	24	48
Affected limb(s)	Lower limbs	Lower limbs	Upper limbs	Right upper limb	Lower limbs	Right upper limb
Histopathology diagnosis	BT	BT	BL	BT	BT	BT
Biopsied nerve	DCUN	Superficial peroneal nerve	DCUN	DCUN	SRN	SRN
Histopathology findings
Plasma cells	–	–	Yes	–	–	–
Histiocytes	Yes	Yes	Yes	–	–	–
Lymphocytes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Perineurial thickening	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Endoneurial thickening	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Perivascular inflammation	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Giant cells	–	–	–	–	Yes	–
Foam cells	–	Yes	–	–	–	–
Caseous necrosis	–	Yes	–	–	–	–
AFB	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Skin lesions	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Hypopigmented patches	Yes	–	–	–	Yes	Yes
Nonhealing ulcers	Yes	Yes	–	–	–	–
Mutations in drug resistance–determining region
Dapsone	Pro55Ser	–	–	–	–	Pro55Lue
Rifampicin	–	Lue436Gln	–	–	–	–
Ofloxacin	–	Ala91Pro	Ala91Pro	Gly89Ala	Gly89Cys	Ala91Val
Prior drug therapy	None	None	None	None	None	None

BT = borderline tuberculoid; DCUN = dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve; SRN = superficial radial nerve.