Figure 5.

Mechanisms of polyphenol‐mediated effects on expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). (a) Indirect reduction in expression of DNMT1 by polyphenol‐mediated increase in phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) to inhibit AP‐1 transcription factor binding at the DNMT1 promoter. (b) DNMT activity is altered through mechanisms associated with attenuation of DNMT1 binding at replicating DNA, inhibition of catalytic activity of DNMTs, and depletion of the S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) pool