Table 1. Phenotypic characterization.

W, weak. V, variable among tested strains. See text for reactions identical among all Francisella tested.

	F. opportunistica	F. tularensis	F. novicida	F. philomiragia
Oxidase*	+	−	−	+
Catalase*	−	W	W	W
Indole*	−	−	−	+
Urease*	−	−	−	−
β-lactamase*	−	+	+	+
α-cyclodextrin	−	−	V	−
Dextrin	+	V	V	V
Glycogen	+	V	V	V
Tween-40	+	−	V	−
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	+	V	+	+
Adonitol	−	−	V	−
L-arabinose	−	V	V	V
D-cellobiose	−	V	V	V
i-erythritol	−	−	V	V
D-galactose	+	V	+	V
lactulose	−	−	V	−
maltose	−	−	V	V
D-mannose	+	V	+	+
β-methyl-D-glucoside	−	−	−	V
D-psicose	−	V	V	V
sucrose	−	−	+	+
D-trehalose	−	−	+	V
turanose	−	−	V	−
mono-methyl-succinate	+	V	+	+
acetic acid	+	V	+	V
cis-aconitic acid	−	−	V	V
formic acid	−	−	V	−
D-galacturonic acid	−	−	−	V
α-hydroxybutyric acid	−	V	+	V
β-hydroxybutyric acid	+	−	+	+
itaconic acid	−	−	V	V
α-keto glutaric acid	+	V	V	V
α-keto valeric acid	V	−	−	−
D,L-lactic acid	+	V	+	+
succinic acid	+	V	+	V
bromosuccinic acid	+	V	V	V
succinamic acid	−	V	−	V
L-alaninamide	+	V	+	+
D-alanine	+	V	+	+
L-alanine	+	V	+	+
L-alanyl-glycine	+	V	+	+
L-asparagine	+	V	+	+
L-aspartic acid	+	V	+	+
L-glutamic acid	+	V	+	+
glycyl-L-aspartic acid	−	V	V	V
glycyl-L-glutamic acid	−	V	+	V
hydroxy-L-proline	+	−	V	−
L-ornithine	+	−	+	V
L-proline	+	V	+	+
L-pyroglutamic acid	+	−	+	+
D-serine	−	V	−	−
L-threonine	+	V	+	+
D,L-carnitine	−	−	−	V
urocanic acid	−	V	−	−
inosine	+	−	+	V
uridine	−	V	+	+
thymidine	−	V	V	V
2,3-butanediol	−	−	V	−
glycerol	+	V	+	V
D,L-α-glycerol phosphate	+	+	+	V
glucose-1-phosphate	−	−	V	V
glucose-6-phosphate	+	V	V	V

^*Reactions marked with an asterisk are not on the Biolog MicroLog GN2 plates, and were run separately for F. opportunistica isolates only. Results of these reactions for other Francisella species were compiled from the literature.