Table 3.
Polymeric Mussel-Inspired Bioadhesives along with their Crosslinking Conditions and Maximum Reported Adhesion Strengths.
| Adhesive | Adhesion Test | Test Substrate | Crosslinker | Cure time/ Condition |
Reported Adhesion Strength |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct functionalization of polymers with catechols (4.1.1) | ||||||
| iCMBA | lap shear | porcine, acellular SIS | sodium (meta) periodate (PI) | humid chamber, 2 hrs | 123.2 ± 13.2 kPa | 56 |
| PEG-DOPA | lap shear | porcine skin | periodate | 37 °C, 24 hrs | 35.1 ± 12.5 kPa | 57 |
| catechol-Ala-Ala-PEG (cAAPEG) | lap shear | decellularized porcine dermis | periodate | RT, 2 h | 30.4 ± 3.39 kPa | 84 |
| PEG-DOPAmine-PCL | lap shear | bovine pericardium | NaIO4 | (1) RT, 2 hrs, (2) PBS, 37 °C, 1 hr. | 107 ± 24.7 kPa | 62 |
| PEU (poly (CA-Tyr-co-Leu)) | lap shear | porcine skin | Bu4N(IO4) | RT, 24 hrs | 9 kPa | 85 |
| deacetylated chitosan; oxidized and DOPA-functionalized dextran | end-to-end | bovine cortical bone | ferric citrate | wet, 37 °C, 3 hrs | 0.31 MPa | 72 |
| poly (AA-co-AANHS-co-MDOPA) | lap shear | porcine skin | thiol-PEG | RT, 10 min | ~11.8 kPa | 86 |
| AbAf iCs | lap shear | porcine SIS | sodium (meta) periodate | humid chamber, 2 hrs | 168.15 ± 17.02 kPa | 59 |
| poly (DOPAmine-co-acrylate) (PDA) | lap shear | porcine skin | horseradish peroxide (HRP) | RT, 1 day | 76 ± 13.4 kPa | 87 |
| PEU (poly (CA-Ser- co-Leu-co-PPG)) | lap shear | porcine skin | Bu4N(IO4) | wet, RT, 4 hrs | 10.6 ± 2.1 kPa | 88 |
| DCTA (gelatin macromer, Fe3+, genipin) | lap shear | porcine skin | FeCl3 + genipin | 37 °C, 2 hrs | 24.7 ± 3.3 kPa | 73 |
| Polymerization of catechol-modified monomers (4.1.2) | ||||||
| DMA-APMA Mimetic copolymer | bond strength tests | bovine femur cortical bone | NaIO4 | 37 °C, 24 hrs | about 100 kPa | 75 |
| poly[(3,4-dihydroxystyrene)-co-styrene | lap shear | metal and wood adherends | FeCl3 NaIO4 | RT, 1 hr. 55°C, 22 hrs | > 1 MPa | 79 |
| Synthesis of Catechol-containing polypeptides (4.1.3) | ||||||
| polytripeptide (Gly-Tyr-Lys) | shear test | porcine skin | tyrosinase | 37 °C, 30 min | 11.56 kPa | 80 |
| poly ((Lys.HBr) x-(DOPA)y) | lap shear | porcine skin | ferric citrate | dry, 25 °C, 12 hrs | 0.21 ± 0.10 MPa | 81 |
| Genetic Engineering (4.1.4) | ||||||
| rfp-1 (MAP) | lap shear | porcine skin | FeCl3 | 2 hrs, in buffer solution (pH 8.2) | ~130 kPa | 82 |
| LAMBA | lap shear | porcine skin | irradiation with dental curing lamp for 60 secs | RT, 2 hrs, PBS | 72.2 ± 3.7 kPa | 83 |