TABLE 2.
Contribution (%) of Enriched Beverages and 5 Food Groups of Canada's Food Guide to dietary vitamin D intake in vitamin D supplement users and nonusers in 2004 and 2015 among Canadians across age and sex groups1
| 2004 | 2015 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supplement nonusers (n = 21,622,372) | Supplement users (n = 8,451,866) | Supplement nonusers (n = 22,714,586) | Supplement users (n = 11,232,024) | |
| Food Groups and Enriched Beverages | ||||
| Vegetables and Fruit, % | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1* | 1.1 ± 0.1† |
| Grain Products, % | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 5.7 ± 0.2* | 5.0 ± 0.3† |
| Milk and Alternatives, % | 41.3 ± 0.4 | 42.4 ± 0.6 | 35.5 ± 0.6* | 35.3 ± 0.8† |
| Meat and Alternatives, % | 25.8 ± 0.3 | 25.5 ± 0.6 | 17.8 ± 0.5* | 17.5 ± 0.6† |
| Other Foods and Beverages, % | 15.9 ± 0.03 | 15.2 ± 0.4 | 15.7 ± 0.4 | 16.4 ± 0.6† |
| Enriched Beverages, % | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2* | 3.6 ± 0.3† |
| Vitamin D fortified foods (mandatory and voluntary) | ||||
| Fluid milk, soy beverages, and powdered milk,2 % | 36.3 ± 0.4 | 37.9 ± 0.6 | 27.1 ± 0.5* | 27.8 ± 0.8† |
| Margarine, % | 15.8 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 17.3 ± 0.4* | 6.9 ± 0.3† |
1
Values are represented as mean of percentages ± SE and analysis was conducted separately for 2004 and 2015 data sets (18, 19). CCHS, Canadian Community Health Survey.
2
Powdered milk is under the mandatory fortification regulations of Canada (11).
*
Significant difference (P < 0.05) between CCHS 2004 and 2015 among supplement nonusers by CI overlapping technique (22).
†
Significant difference (P < 0.05) between CCHS 2004 and 2015 among supplement users by CI overlapping technique (22).