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. 2019 Dec 20;150(3):634–643. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz269

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of the 4 included studies1

Study name Nu-Age ProMuscle ProMO V-Fit
Years of enrolment 2012–2014 2009–2010 2016–2017 1997
Inclusion criteria Aged 65–79 y >65 y old, frail or prefrail according to Fried criteria >65 y old, malnutrition (score <12 on MNA-SF) >70 y old, using care service, BMI ≤25 kg/m2 or unintentional weight loss
Exclusion criteria

  • Frail according to Fried criteria

  • Malnutrition

  • Dementia

  • Major chronic diseases

  • Severe heart disease

  • Insulin-treated diabetes

  • Participation in resistance-type exercise programs in 2 y before study

  • eGFR <60 mL · min−1 · 1.73m−2

  • Any present form of cancer

  • COPD

  • Diabetes

  • Resistance exercise >2 h/wk

  • Life expectancy <12 mo

  • eGFR <30 mL · min−1 · 1.73m−2

  • Use of diabetes medication

  • Use of >21 alcohol units per week

  • Regular exercise

  • Institutionalized

  • Terminal disease

  • Taking multivitamins
Dietary assessment method 7-d food records 3-d food records 2-d food records 3-d food records

1COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment Tool—Short Form.