Fig. 2.

Cost categories included in the study. Costs included in the studies were categorized into these major types: pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing, other types of testing (e.g., international normalized ratio [INR] monitoring, platelet function tests), medications (e.g., warfarin, clopidogrel), event-related costs (e.g., bleeding, stroke), postevent-related costs (long-term management costs), no-events costs (medical care costs for patients without adverse events), all-cause costs (any costs occurred after the treatment was initiated), and indirect costs (e.g., transportation, food). Several studies did not report the cost categories used in the calculation.