Table 1.
Child and family characteristics (N = 73)
| Child characteristics | |||
| Age child [mean in years (SD) range] | 8.8 | (1.5) | 6.01–12.05 |
| Total IQ child [mean in years (SD) range]a | 94.5 | (12.3) | 71–199 |
| Male child [no (%)] | 52 | (71.2) | |
| Caucasian [no (%)] | 68 | (93.2) | |
| ADHD diagnoses assessed by clinician at time of referral [no (%)] | |||
| ADHD combined type | 48 | (65.8) | |
| ADHD inattentive type | 4 | (5.5) | |
| ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type | 11 | (15.1) | |
| ADHD not otherwise specified | 10 | (13.7) | |
| Family characteristics | |||
| Family composition [no (%)] | |||
| Two biological parents | 34 | (46.6) | |
| One biological, one stepparent | 11 | (15.0) | |
| Single parent | 28 | (38.4) | |
| Education level mothers [no (%)]b | |||
| Low | 27 | (37.0) | |
| Middle | 38 | (52.1) | |
| High | 8 | (11.0) | |
| Unknown | 0 | (0.0) | |
| Education level fathers [no (%)]b | |||
| Low | 18 | (37.5) | |
| Middle | 24 | (50.0) | |
| High | 5 | (10.4) | |
| Unknown | 1 | (2.1) | |
| Siblings with identified psychopathology [no (%)]c | 21 | (28.8) | |
| Treatment history | |||
| Pharmacotherapy for ADHD [no (%)] | 68 | (93.2) | |
| Received parent training* [no (%)] | 61 | (83.5) | |
| Finished parent training [no (%)] | |||
| Finished training | 36 | (49.3) | |
| Drop-outs | 30 | (41.1) | |
| Unknown | 7 | (9.6) | |
| Years between parent training and inclusion in trial (n = 50); [mean (SD) range] | 1.8 | (1.6) | 0.04–6.54 |
| Other psychological treatment | 38 | (52.1) | |
| Child characteristics and received treatment during trial | |||
| Comorbidity–externalizing problems [no (%)]d | |||
| ODD | 34 | (46.6) | |
| CD | 6 | (8.2) | |
| Comorbidity–internalizing problems | |||
| CBCL internalizing T-score [mean (SD) range] | 63.5 | (8.4) | 39–82 |
| CBCL internalizing normal range [no (%)] | 19 | (26.0) | |
| Threshold range [no (%)] | 12 | (16.4) | |
| Clinical range [no (%)] | 40 | (54.8) | |
| Current medication [no (%)] | 63 | (86.3) | |
| Change in medication during trial [no (%)] | 20 | (27.3) | |
| Other current psychosocial care at T1 [mean frequency of sessions per month (SD) range] | 2.9 | (4.7) | 0–24 |
| Care focused on parents | 1.9 | (4.3) | 0–24 |
| Care focused on child | 0.9 | (1.9) | 0–8 |
SD standard deviation, No number of cases, ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ODD oppositional defiant disorder, CD conduct disorder, CBCL Child Behavior Checklist
aFull scale IQ
bClassification according to a Dutch education classification system [23] which is related to the International Standard Classification of Education [24]
cEstablished by asking parents if other siblings were diagnosed with psychopathology
dEstablished with Parent Interview of Child Symptoms [25]
*All remaining parents had only attempted to start behavioral parent training