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. 2020 Jan 10;35(4):533–541. doi: 10.1007/s00467-019-04454-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Histological diagnosis and urine albumin/protein ratio. A urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uAPR) value of 0.4 (dotted line) demonstrates a clear distinction between tubulointerstitial disorders and glomerular disorders. uPEI, urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation; ATN, acute tubular necrosis; DN, diabetic nephropathy; Fib, fibrillary glomerulonephritis; FGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; HT, hypertensive nephrosclerosis; IgA, IgA nephropathy; LC, light chain deposition disease; LN, lupus nephritis; MC, minimal change disease; MCGN, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis; MPGN, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis; MN, membranous nephropathy; MyCN, myeloma cast nephropathy; NGN, necrotizing glomerulonephritis; NGNC, necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescents; TIN, tubulointerstitial nephritis; TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy. From Smith et al. [71], reproduced with permission