. 2020 Mar 3;6(3):e03518. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03518

Table 3.

Mean concentration (±standard deviation) and ranges of OCPs in biota samples from African (μg/kg).

Location	Country	Matrix	ƩHCHs	ƩDDTs	Lindane	Toxaphene	Mirex	ƩChlordane	Endosulfans	Dieldrin	HCB	References
Lake Kariba	Zambia	Fish^a		7–70								Berg and Kautsky (1997)
Gamasa	Egypt	Fish^a		12.5			3.0		2.0			Abd-Allah et al. (1998)
Abu-Quir	Egypt	Fish^a		7.8			1.4		3.6			Abd-Allah et al. (1998)
Demiatta	Egypt	Fish^a		7.1			1.6			1.3		Abd-Allah et al. (1998)
Gamasa	Egypt	Bivalve Donax^a		38.1							0.9	Abd-Allah et al. (1998)
Abu-Quir	Egypt	Bivalve Donax^a		22.6			2.2		1.1		2.1	Abd-Allah et al. (1998)
Demiatta	Egypt	Bivalve Donax^a		19.9			2.3		2.8		1.2	Abd-Allah et al. (1998)
Cross cape	Namibia	Fish^a	5–19	11–1115		10–97		3–159		4–36		Vetter et al. (1999)
Lake Tanganyika	Burundi	Fish^b	21.2–288.2	68.3–909.1			ND-54.8		ND-36.1	ND-10.2	2.1–19.5	Manirakiza et al. (2002)
Lake Naivasha	Kenya	Red swamp cray fish^a		9.2	100.5				21.6	34.6		Gitahi et al. (2002)
Lake Naivasha	Kenya	Black bass^a		78.6	2				2	2		Gitahi et al. (2002)
Dar es Salaam City	Tanzania	Fish^b		6.6–53.0	BDL-31					BDL-2.7		Mwevura et al. (2002)
Southern Lake Victoria	Tanzania	Fish^a		ND-30					20–200			Henry and Kishimba (2006)
Vaal River	South Africa	Egret eggs^a	0.82	24			0.68	0.8			0.78	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Vaal River	South Africa	African dartar eggs^a	99	260			2	8.8			4.1	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Vaal River	South Africa	Reed cormorant eggs^a	3.4	300			1.5	2.4			1.7	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Vaal River	South Africa	Ibis eggs^a	2.3	68			0.3	22			0.9	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Vaal River	South Africa	Plover eggs^a	4.2	23			0.56	0.63			1.2	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Vaal River	South Africa	Grebe eggs^a	0.8	46			0.49	0.29			0.88	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Vaal River	South Africa	White fronted plover eggs^a	1.7	43			0.32	0.52			0.96	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Western Cape	South Africa	Kelp gull eggs^a	1.3	88			0.81	0.77			5.2	Bouwman et al. (2008)
Lake Bosumtwi	Ghana	Fish^a		8.877	0.126 ± 0.11				0.713 ± 0.94	0.035 ± 0.42		Darko et al. (2008)
Sharkia Province	Egypt	Animal tissue carcasses before cooking^a		96.17 ± 7.12	10.28 ± 0.29	0.66 ± 0.11				8.55 ± 0.36	0.26 ± 0.04	(Sallam and Mohammed, 2008)
Sharkia Province	Egypt	Animal tissue carcasses after cooking^a		57.31 ± 4.84	4.63 ± 0.053	0.38 ± 0.08				5.98 ± 0.23	1.50 ± 0.03	(Sallam and Mohammed, 2008)
Crocodile River	South Africa	Fish^a							10.0–30.0			Ansara-Ross et al. (2008)
KwaZulu Natal	South Africa	Fish^b		5403–5537								McHugh et al. (2011)
Volta Lake	Ghana	Fish^a	4.03–13.04	7.96–38.05				4.55–36.62			0.34–1.21	Kuranchie-mensah et al. (2011)
Lake Ziway	Ethiopia	Fish^a	0.29–5.10	0.9–61.9				0.17–4.00				Nakayama and Ishizuka (2014)
Lake Awassa	Ethiopia	Fish^a		1.65–409.6				0.85–3.56	ND-42.5			Rosseland et al. (2014)
Roodeplat Dam	South Africa	Fish^a	288.75 ± 123.2	150.9 ± 87.6	179.0 ± 119.1				244.7 ± 123.6	239.8 ± 85.2		Barnhoorn et al. (2015)
Rietvlei dam	South Africa	Fish^a		336 ± 263	55 ± 7				86 ± 26	77 ± 36		Barnhoorn et al. (2015)
Harbeespoort dam	South Africa	Fish^a	79 ± 17	131 ± 25	71 ± 18							Barnhoorn et al. (2015)
Lake Volta	Ghana	Fish^a	12.62–41.62	1.26–10.74				0.49–1.02	2.13–3.11	0.10–1.29		Gbeddy et al. (2014)
Ogbesse River	Nigeria	Fish^a	2610–4200	40–80	130–660				430–1040	80–530		Lawrence et al. (2015)
European commission maximum residue limits^c				1000	20				100	200

BDL – below detection limit; ND - not detected; ^a - wet weight; ^b - fat/lipid weight; ^c - EC MRLs set in Directives 2006/53, 2006/59, 2006/60, 2006/61 and 2006/62.