TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of normotensive dietary trial participants who consumed ≥36.6% energy from fat without history of CVD by randomization group (n = 10,371)
| Intervention (n = 4245) | Comparison (n = 6126) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age at screening, y | 61.3 ± 6.6 | 61.1 ± 6.6 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 3579 (84.3) | 5227 (85.3) |
| Black | 339 (8.0) | 439 (7.2) |
| Hispanic | 182 (4.3) | 211 (3.4) |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 13 (0.3) | 16 (0.3) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 81 (1.9) | 138 (2.3) |
| Unknown | 51 (1.2) | 95 (1.6) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 2117 (50.4) | 3095 (50.9) |
| Past | 1708 (40.7) | 2443 (40.2) |
| Current | 375 (8.9) | 537 (8.8) |
| Hypertensive medication | 275 (6.5) | 366 (6.0) |
| History of high cholesterol requiring pills | 304 (7.3) | 441 (7.3) |
| Statin use | 149 (3.5) | 231 (3.8) |
| Treated diabetes (pills or shots) | 98 (2.3) | 140 (2.3) |
| Aspirin use | 592 (13.9) | 936 (15.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 5.7 | 28.3 ± 5.5 |
| Height, cm | 162.5 ± 6.5 | 162.5 ± 6.7 |
| Weight, kg | 75.3 ± 15.9 | 75.0 ± 15.7 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 87.4 ± 13.4 | 87.1 ± 13.1 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 118.6 ± 11.3 | 118.5 ± 11.2 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 72.8 ± 7.5 | 72.9 ± 7.4 |
| Dietary energy, kcal | 1886.6 ± 740.1 | 1877.9 ± 725.7 |
| Percentage calories from: | ||
| Fat | 41.5 ± 3.9 | 41.4 ± 3.9 |
| SFAs | 14.0 ± 2.5 | 14.0 ± 2.5 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) | 8.5 ± 2.1 | 8.4 ± 2.1 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) | 15.9 ± 1.9 | 15.8 ± 2.0 |
| TFAs | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.2 |
| Carbohydrates | 42.2 ± 5.3 | 42.4 ± 5.4 |
| Added sugar | 10.8 ± 4.5 | 10.8 ± 4.5 |
| Other sources | 31.5 ± 5.0 | 31.6 ± 5.1 |
| Protein | 16.1 ± 2.9 | 16.0 ± 2.8 |
| Animal protein | 11.7 ± 3.1 | 11.6 ± 3.1 |
| Vegetable protein | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 |
| Alcohol | 1.7 ± 2.9 | 1.6 ± 2.8 |
| Fruits/vegetables, med serv/d | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.7 |
| Grains, med serv/d | 4.7 ± 2.5 | 4.7 ± 2.5 |
| Dietary fiber, g/d | 14.8 ± 6.1 | 14.8 ± 6.1 |
| Dietary cholesterol, mg/d | 288.5 ± 150.4 | 286.2 ± 142.2 |
| Diet quality scores1 | ||
| Healthy Eating Index-20052 | 60.1 ± 9.3 | 60.1 ± 9.5 |
| Alternate Mediterranean Diet score3 | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.7 |
| Alternative Healthy Eating Index 20104 | 49.1 ± 9.7 | 49.0 ± 9.9 |
| Adherence to DASH score5 | 23.4 ± 4.3 | 23.3 ± 4.4 |
1
Diet quality scores are summarized in Supplemental Table S1.
2
Healthy Eating Index-2005 scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
3
Alternate Mediterranean Diet ranges from 0 (worst) to 9 (best).
4
Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 ranges from 0 (worst) to 110 (best).
5
DASH score ranges from 8 (worst) to 40 (best).