Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in the study cohorts receiving or not receiving urate-lowering therapy.
| Before matching Urate-lowering therapy | After matching Urate-lowering therapy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | SMD | No | Yes | SMD | |||||
| 3,010 | 4,330 | 2,036 | 2,036 | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| SEX | ||||||||||
| Male | 2,285 | 75.9 | 3918 | 90.5 | 0.41 | 1,721 | 84.5 | 1,734 | 85.2 | 0.02 |
| AGE, YEARS | ||||||||||
| 20–39 | 1,100 | 36.5 | 2,053 | 47.4 | 0.22 | 807 | 39.6 | 843 | 41.4 | 0.04 |
| 40–59 | 1,403 | 46.6 | 1,711 | 39.5 | 0.14 | 930 | 45.7 | 876 | 43 | 0.05 |
| 60–79 | 507 | 16.8 | 566 | 13.1 | 0.11 | 299 | 14.7 | 317 | 15.6 | 0.02 |
| Mean (SD) | 46.2 | 13.7 | 43 | 13.9 | 0.23 | 45.1 | 13.6 | 44.9 | 14 | 0.01 |
| AREA | ||||||||||
| North | 1,412 | 46.9 | 2,028 | 46.8 | 0.001 | 951 | 46.7 | 915 | 44.9 | 0.04 |
| Central | 627 | 20.8 | 931 | 21.5 | 0.02 | 434 | 21.3 | 418 | 20.5 | 0.02 |
| South | 872 | 29 | 1207 | 27.9 | 0.02 | 580 | 28.5 | 623 | 30.6 | 0.05 |
| Other | 99 | 3.3 | 164 | 3.8 | 0.03 | 71 | 3.5 | 80 | 3.9 | 0.02 |
| COMORBIDITY | ||||||||||
| Hypertension | 612 | 20.3 | 919 | 21.2 | 0.02 | 436 | 21.4 | 412 | 20.2 | 0.03 |
| DM | 223 | 7.4 | 195 | 4.5 | 0.13 | 132 | 6.5 | 117 | 5.7 | 0.03 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 643 | 21.4 | 930 | 21.5 | 0.003 | 437 | 21.5 | 419 | 20.6 | 0.02 |
| Peripheral vascular diseases | 56 | 1.9 | 44 | 1 | 0.07 | 29 | 1.4 | 27 | 1.3 | 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5 | 0.2 | 6 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Rheumatologic diseases | 98 | 3.3 | 59 | 1.4 | 0.13 | 39 | 1.9 | 41 | 2 | 0.01 |
| Renal diseases | 66 | 2.2 | 111 | 2.6 | 0.02 | 41 | 2 | 48 | 2.4 | 0.02 |
| Alcohol-related diseases | 89 | 3 | 123 | 2.8 | 0.01 | 65 | 3.2 | 67 | 3.3 | 0.01 |
| CCI(SD) | 0.16 | 0.56 | 0.09 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 0.49 | 0.002 |
| DRUG | ||||||||||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 345 | 11.5 | 509 | 11.8 | 0.01 | 245 | 12 | 230 | 11.3 | 0.02 |
| β-blockers | 713 | 23.7 | 880 | 20.3 | 0.08 | 457 | 22.4 | 453 | 22.2 | 0.005 |
| Calcium-channel blockers | 533 | 17.7 | 714 | 16.5 | 0.03 | 361 | 17.7 | 337 | 16.6 | 0.03 |
| Diuretics | 503 | 16.7 | 619 | 14.3 | 0.07 | 312 | 15.3 | 321 | 15.8 | 0.01 |
| Potassium sparing diuretics | 56 | 1.9 | 32 | 0.7 | 0.11 | 27 | 1.3 | 29 | 1.4 | 0.01 |
| Other antihypertensive | 227 | 7.5 | 329 | 7.6 | 0.002 | 155 | 7.6 | 153 | 7.5 | 0.004 |
| Metformin | 129 | 4.3 | 134 | 3.1 | 0.06 | 86 | 4.2 | 72 | 3.5 | 0.04 |
| sulfonylurea | 138 | 4.6 | 152 | 3.5 | 0.06 | 87 | 4.3 | 81 | 4 | 0.01 |
| Insulin | 33 | 1.1 | 50 | 1.2 | 0.01 | 30 | 1.5 | 22 | 1.1 | 0.03 |
| Statin | 176 | 5.8 | 153 | 3.5 | 0.11 | 101 | 5 | 99 | 4.9 | 0.005 |
| Aspirin | 250 | 8.3 | 299 | 6.9 | 0.05 | 162 | 8 | 163 | 8 | 0.002 |
| mean of follow-up period of outcome (years) | 3.61 | 2.6 | 6.56 | 3.66 | 0.9 | 4.18 | 2.8 | 4.55 | 2.86 | 0.13 |
SMD, standardized mean difference, ≤0.10 indicates a negligible difference between the two cohorts; outcomes consisting of coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers.