Table 3.
Incidence and hazard ratio of CAD between cohorts receiving or not receiving urate-lowering therapy.
| Urate-lowering therapy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||||||
| Event | PY | IR | Event | PY | IR | cHR (95%CI) | aHR (95%CI) | ||
| Overall | 155 | 8,882 | 1.7 | 123 | 9,506 | 1.3 | 0.73 (0.58, 0.93)** | 0.7 (0.55, 0.89)** | |
| XO inhibitors | 155 | 8,882 | 1.7 | 42 | 2,811 | 1.5 | 0.85 (0.6, 1.19) | 0.78 (0.55, 1.11) | |
| Uricosuric agents | 155 | 8,882 | 1.7 | 81 | 6,695 | 1.2 | 0.68 (0.52, 0.9)** | 0.67 (0.51, 0.87)** | |
| SEX | |||||||||
| Female | 47 | 1,633 | 2.9 | 41 | 1,716 | 2.4 | 0.82 (0.54, 1.24) | 0.67 (0.43, 1.07) | |
| Male | 108 | 7,249 | 1.5 | 82 | 7,790 | 1.1 | 0.7 (0.53, 0.93)* | 0.77 (0.57, 1.02) | |
| AGE, YEARS | |||||||||
| 20–39 | 16 | 3,679 | 0.4 | 14 | 3,989 | 0.4 | 0.78 (0.38, 1.61) | 0.81 (0.38, 1.74) | |
| 40–59 | 98 | 3,930 | 2.5 | 71 | 4,043 | 1.8 | 0.68 (0.5, 0.93)* | 0.68 (0.5, 0.93)* | |
| 60–79 | 41 | 1,274 | 3.2 | 38 | 1,474 | 2.6 | 0.8 (0.51, 1.25) | 0.74 (0.46, 1.19) | |
| COMORBIDITY | |||||||||
| Hypertension | No | 89 | 7,221 | 1.2 | 73 | 7,679 | 1.0 | 0.76 (0.56, 1.04) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.07) |
| Yes | 66 | 1,662 | 4.0 | 50 | 1,828 | 2.7 | 0.68 (0.47, 0.98)* | 0.64 (0.44, 0.94)* | |
| DM | No | 133 | 8,316 | 1.6 | 102 | 8,998 | 1.1 | 0.7 (0.54, 0.91)** | 0.66 (0.51, 0.86)** |
| Yes | 22 | 566 | 3.9 | 21 | 508 | 4.1 | 1.12 (0.61, 2.06) | 1.15 (0.55, 2.38) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | No | 103 | 7,151 | 1.4 | 89 | 7,601 | 1.2 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.07) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.03) |
| Yes | 52 | 1731 | 3.0 | 34 | 1,905 | 1.8 | 0.58 (0.37, 0.89)* | 0.55 (0.35, 0.86)** | |
| Peripheral vascular diseases | No | 151 | 8,736 | 1.7 | 120 | 9,371 | 1.3 | 0.73 (0.57, 0.93)* | 0.7 (0.55, 0.89)** |
| Yes | 4 | 146 | 2.7 | 3 | 136 | 2.2 | 0.76 (0.17, 3.43) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | No | 154 | 8,878 | 1.7 | 123 | 9,495 | 1.3 | 0.74 (0.58, 0.93)* | 0.71 (0.56, 0.9)** |
| Yes | 1 | 4 | 25 | 0 | 11 | 0 | |||
| Rheumatologic diseases | No | 149 | 8717 | 1.7 | 121 | 9281 | 1.3 | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96)* | 0.72 (0.57, 0.92)** |
| Yes | 6 | 165 | 3.6 | 2 | 226 | 0.9 | 0.27 (0.05, 1.33) | 0.15 (0.02, 1.4) | |
| Renal diseases | No | 151 | 8,745 | 1.7 | 121 | 9,293 | 1.3 | 0.75 (0.59, 0.95)* | 0.72 (0.57, 0.92)** |
| Yes | 4 | 137 | 2.9 | 2 | 213 | 0.9 | 0.34 (0.06, 1.88) | ||
| Alcohol-related diseases | No | 152 | 8,680 | 1.8 | 123 | 9,222 | 1.3 | 0.75 (0.59, 0.95)* | 0.72 (0.56, 0.91)** |
| Yes | 3 | 203 | 1.5 | 0 | 284 | 0 | |||
| DRUG | |||||||||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | No | 117 | 8,052 | 1.5 | 92 | 8,502 | 1.1 | 0.73 (0.56, 0.97)* | 0.73 (0.55, 0.96)* |
| Yes | 38 | 830 | 4.6 | 31 | 1,004 | 3.1 | 0.66 (0.41, 1.07) | 0.65 (0.39, 1.08) | |
| β-blockers | No | 98 | 7,092 | 1.4 | 72 | 7,453 | 1.0 | 0.69 (0.51, 0.94)* | 0.73 (0.54, 0.99)* |
| Yes | 57 | 1,790 | 3.2 | 51 | 2,053 | 2.5 | 0.78 (0.53, 1.13) | 0.7 (0.47, 1.03) | |
| Calcium-channel blockers | No | 102 | 7,583 | 1.3 | 79 | 8,068 | 1.0 | 0.72 (0.54, 0.96)* | 0.73 (0.54, 0.98)* |
| Yes | 53 | 1,299 | 4.1 | 44 | 1,438 | 3.1 | 0.74 (0.5, 1.11) | 0.69 (0.45, 1.06) | |
| Diuretics | No | 116 | 7,690 | 1.5 | 86 | 7,936 | 1.1 | 0.71 (0.54, 0.94)* | 0.72 (0.54, 0.96)* |
| Yes | 39 | 1,193 | 3.3 | 37 | 1,570 | 2.4 | 0.72 (0.46, 1.13) | 0.71 (0.44, 1.13) | |
| Potassium sparing diuretics | No | 153 | 8,799 | 1.7 | 120 | 9,377 | 1.3 | 0.73 (0.57, 0.92)** | 0.69 (0.54, 0.88)** |
| Yes | 2 | 83 | 2.4 | 3 | 129 | 2.3 | 0.98 (0.16, 6.08) | ||
| Metformin | No | 146 | 8,573 | 1.7 | 109 | 9,209 | 1.2 | 0.69 (0.54, 0.88)** | 0.65 (0.51, 0.84)*** |
| Yes | 9 | 309 | 2.9 | 14 | 297 | 4.7 | 1.58 (0.68, 3.69) | 1.49 (0.56, 3.97) | |
| Sulfonylurea | No | 144 | 8,535 | 1.7 | 107 | 9,153 | 1.2 | 0.68 (0.53, 0.88)** | 0.65 (0.5, 0.83)*** |
| Yes | 11 | 347 | 3.2 | 16 | 354 | 4.5 | 1.44 (0.67, 3.12) | 1.55 (0.63, 3.85) | |
| Insulin | No | 153 | 8,785 | 1.7 | 118 | 9,439 | 1.3 | 0.71 (0.56, 0.9)** | 0.67 (0.53, 0.86)** |
| Yes | 2 | 97 | 2.1 | 5 | 67 | 7.4 | 3.06 (0.59, 15.93) | ||
| Statin | No | 146 | 8,556 | 1.7 | 110 | 9,076 | 1.2 | 0.7 (0.55, 0.9)** | 0.68 (0.53, 0.87)** |
| Yes | 9 | 326 | 2.8 | 13 | 430 | 3.0 | 1.09 (0.46, 2.57) | 1.03 (0.39, 2.7) | |
| Aspirin | No | 139 | 8,253 | 1.7 | 104 | 8,794 | 1.2 | 0.69 (0.54, 0.89)** | 0.67 (0.52, 0.87)** |
| Yes | 16 | 629 | 2.5 | 19 | 713 | 2.7 | 1.03 (0.53, 2) | 0.92 (0.45, 1.87) | |
IR, incidence rate, per 100 person-years; PY, person-years; CI, confidence interval; cHR, crude hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio, controlling for sex, age, area, and every comorbidity, and drug in Table 2; XO inhibitors, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, consisting of allopurinol and febuxostat; Uricosuric agents, consisting of benzbromarone, probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone; ACE inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers;
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01, and
***
P < 0.001.