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. 2020 Feb 27;11:220. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00220

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Copyright © 2020 Vettori, Barra, Russo, Borgia, Pasquale, Pellecchia, Vicedomini and De Palma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Levels of CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL3 in co-cultured fibroblasts and supernatants from early dcSSc patients. Results in panels (A–C) are fold changes in mRNA levels of IL17A target genes in real-time PCR. Results in panels (D–F) are concentrations expressed in pg/ml, in multiple suspension immunoassay. (A–C) Show the expression of CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL3 in fibroblasts co-cultured with autologous PBMCs and hrIL-2 20 U/ml as compared to control fibroblasts. (D–F) Show the concentrations of secreted CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL3 in supernatants from co-cocultures and hrIL-2 20 U/ml as compared to supernatants from control fibroblasts after adjusting by concentrations measured in PBMCs cultured with hrIL-2 20 U/ml only. Data are median and IQR ranges, Wilcoxon signed rank test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; number of samples per group = 5.