Table 1.
P53 direct target genes implicated in metabolism. This table references p53-controlled genes for which experimental evidence supports a direct role of p53 in their transcription.
| Activated/Repressed by p53 | Experimental evidences | Bibliography | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nucleotide Synthesis | ||||
| dUTPase | Deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [106] |
| RRM2B/p53R2 | Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory/TP53 inducible subunit M2B | activated | ChIP-seq | [107,108,251] |
| Glucose Metabolism | ||||
| Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway | ||||
| GLUT1 | Glucose transporter 1 | repressed | reporter assays, EMSA | [9] |
| GLUT4 | Glucose transporter 4 | repressed | reporter assays, EMSA | [9] |
| RRAD | Ras-related associated with Diabetes | repressed | ChIP | [13] |
| MCT1/SLC16A1 | Mono-Carboxylate transporter 1 | repressed | ChIP | [11] |
| M-PGAM | Muscle specific phosphoglycerate mutase | activated | reporter assays, EMSA | [249] |
| HK2 | Hexokinase 2 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, DNAse I Footprint | [250] |
| TIGAR | TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator | activated | ChIP, EMSA, ChIP-seq | [12] |
| PFKFB4 | 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 | repressed | ChIP | [14] |
| PFKFB3 | 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [15] |
| Gluconeogenesis | ||||
| PANK1 | Panthotenate Kinase 1 | activated | ChIP, ChIP-on-ChIP, ChIP-seq, EMSA, reporter assays | [210] |
| PCK1 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1 | activated | ChIP | [235] |
| SIRT6 | Sirtuin 6 | activated | ChIP | [209] |
| Lipid metabolism | ||||
| Fatty Acid Oxidation | ||||
| MCD | Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase | activated | ChIP-qPCR | [22] |
| LPIN1 | Lipin 1 | activated | ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq | [23,25,39] |
| CPT1C | Carnitine Palmitoyl transferase 1C | activated | ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq | [24,25,39] |
| ACAD11 | AcylCoA Dehydrogenase Family member 11 | activated | ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq | [25,39] |
| HMGCLL1 | 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase like 1 | activated | ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq | [25,39] |
| Fatty Acid synthesis and storage, lipid transport and lipoprotein metabolism | ||||
| SREBP1C | Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 | repressed | reporter assays | [221] |
| ABCA1 | ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 | activated | ChIP | [45] |
| NPC1L1 | Nieman-Pick C1-like 1 | activated | ChIP | [54,235] |
| SCD1 | Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 | repressed | ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq | [49,51] |
| ELOVL3 | Elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 3 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP, EMSA | [224] |
| ME1 | Malic Enzyme 1 | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [46] |
| ME2 | Malic Enzyme 2 | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [46] |
| PLTP | Phospholipid Transfer Protein | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [54] |
| CEL | Carboxy Ester Lipase | activated | reporter assays, ChIP, ChIP-seq | [54,251] |
| CAV | Caveolin | activated | reporter assays, EMSA | [215] |
| DHRS3 | Dehydrogenase reductase 3 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP | [47,48] |
| SIRT1 | Sirtuin 1 | activated/repressed | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP | [191,192] |
| CYP19 | Aromatase | activated | ChIP | [213] |
| Sphingolipid metabolism | ||||
| CERS6 | Ceramide synthetase 6 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA | [59] |
| ACER2 | Alkaline ceramidase 2 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq | [54,61,251] |
| ABCA12 | ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12 | activated | ChIP | [60] |
| nSMANE2 | Neutral spingomyelinase | activated | reporter assays | [54] |
| Amino-acid and ammonia metabolism | ||||
| GLS2 | Glutaminase 2 | activated | ChIP | [20,21,84] |
| SLC7A3 | Solute carrier family 7 member 3 | activated | ChIP | [91] |
| PHGDH | Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase | repressed | ChIP, EMSA | [92] |
| P5CDH/ALDH4 | P5C dehydrogenase/Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP, EMSA | [95] |
| PRODH/POX | Proline Dehydrogenase/Proline Oxidase | activated | ChIP, ChIP-PET | [97,98] |
| CPS1 | Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [102] |
| OTC | Ornithine transcarbamoylase | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [102] |
| ARG1 | Arginase 1 | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [102] |
| Mitochondrial Biogenesis, integrity and Respiration | ||||
| SCO2 | Synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 | activated | [26] | |
| TFAM | Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A | activated | reporter assays, ChIP, | [27] |
| PGC1α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha | repressed | ChIP | [195] |
| AIF | Apoptosis inducing factor | activated | ChIP | [28] |
| PC | Pyruvate carobxylase | repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [230] |
| PARK2 | Parkin | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [40] |
| MIEAP | Mitochondria-eating protein | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [41] |
| Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis | ||||
| Iron Metabolism | ||||
| ISCU | Iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [66] |
| FDXR | Ferredoxin reductase | activated | reporter assays, ChIP, ChIP-seq | [67,68,76,251] |
| HAMP | Hepcidin | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP | [65] |
| FXN | Frataxin | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP | [69] |
| Ferroptosis | ||||
| SLC7A11 | Solute carrier family 7 member 11 | repressed | ChIP-qPCR, EMSA | [79,84] |
| SAT1 | Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 | activated | ChIP-qPCR | [83] |
| Redox | ||||
| SESN1 | Sestrin 1 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP, ChIP-seq | [116,251] |
| SESN2 | Sestrin 2 | activated | ChIP-seq | [39,117,251] |
| ALDH4 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP | [95] |
| GPX1 | Glutathione Peroxidase 1 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA | [113,252] |
| SOD2 | Manganese dependent superoxide dismutase | activated/repressed | reporter assays, ChIP | [113,125] |
| CATALASE | Catalase | activated | ChIP | [115] |
| NCF2/p67phox | Neutrophilic cytosolic factor 2 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [124] |
| DDIT4/REDD1 | DNA Damage inducible transcript 4 | activated | reporter assays | [156] |
| NOS3 | Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP | [203] |
| TP53INP1 | Tumor Protein 53-Induced Nuclear Protein 1 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP, ChIP-seq, | [120,121,251] |
| SLC2A9/GLUT9 | Solute carrier family 2 member 9 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [123] |
| Creatine Biosynthesis | ||||
| GAMT | Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase | activated | reporter assays, EMSA, ChIP | [55,96] |
| Autophagy | ||||
| ATG2B | Autophagy related 2B | activated | ChIP-seq | [39] |
| ATG4A | Autophagy related 4A | activated | ChIP-seq | [39] |
| ATG4C | Autophagy related 4C | activated | ChIP-seq | [39] |
| ATG7 | Autophagy related 7 | activated | ChIP-seq | [39] |
| ATG10 | Autophagy related 10 | activated | ChIP-seq | [39] |
| ULK1 | Unc-51 like kinase 1 | activated | ChIP-seq, EMSA, reporter assays | [39,139] |
| ULK2 | Unc-51 like kinase 2 | activated | ChIP-seq, EMSA, reporter assays | [39,139] |
| UVRAG | UV radiation resistance associated gene | activated | ChIP-seq | [39] |
| VMP1/TMEM49 | Vacuole membrane protein 1 | activated | ChIP-seq | [39] |
| DAPK1 | Death Associated Protein Kinase 1 | activated | ChIP, EMSA | [141] |
| AEN/ISG20L1 | Apoptosis enhancing nuclease | activated | ChIP | [138] |
| DRAM1 | DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 1 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP, ChIP-seq | [140,251] |
| EI24 | Etoposide-induced 2.4 kb transcript | activated | ChIP-seq | [251,253] |
| AMPK, AKT and mTOR signaling | ||||
| AMPKβ1 | AMP-activated kinase beta 1 subunit | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [152] |
| TSC2 | TSC Complex subunit 2 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP | [152] |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog | activated | reporter assays, EMSA | [157] |
| IGFBP3 | IGF-Binding protein 3 | activated | reporter assays, EMSA | [158] |
| PHLDA3 | Pleckstrin homology-like domain, Family A, member 3 | activated | reporter assays, ChIP, ChIP-seq | [159] |