Table 2.
Content of the investigated analytes in the commercial samples of P. spinosa flower (mg/g dw).
| Analyte | Content (mg/g dw) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flos 2015 | Flos 2016 | Flos 2017 | Flos 2018 | Dary natury 2015 | Dary natury 2016 | Dary natury 2017 | Dary natury 2018 | Kräuter Kühne 2015 | Kräuter Kühne 2016 | Kräuter Kühne 2017 | Kräuter Kühne 2018 | |
| 1 | 3.35 ± 0.02D | 4.78 ± 0.02B | 5.21 ± 0.07A | 5.34 ± 0.07A | 3.34 ± 0.08D | 5.22 ± 0.05A | 4.71 ± 0.06B | 3.35 ± 0.09D | 2.03 ± 0.02E | 3.78 ± 0.02C | 3.68 ± 0.05C | 3.21 ± 0.05D |
| 2 | 0.83 ± 0.01F | 0.78 ± 0.01F | 0.51 ± 0.01G | 1.06 ± 0.00E | 1.26 ± 0.02C | 2.22 ± 0.02A | 0.53 ± 0.03G | 0.83 ± 0.03F | 1.79 ± 0.02B | 1.18 ± 0.00D | 1.20 ± 0.01CD | 1.07 ± 0.04E |
| 3 | < LOQ | 1.15 ± 0.01D | 0.69 ± 0.01F | 1.25 ± 0.06C | < LOQ | 2.04 ± 0.01A | 0.91 ± 0.01E | 0.97 ± 0.02E | 1.49 ± 0.01B | 0.96 ± 0.01E | 0.93 ± 0.01E | 0.72 ± 0.02F |
| 4 | 0.48 ± 0.02G | 0.63 ± 0.01E | 0.88 ± 0.03AB | 1.02 ± 0.01AB | 0.56 ± 0.01F | 0.44 ± 0.00G | 0.80 ± 0.03C | 1.63 ± 0.02D | 0.69 ± 0.01DE | 0.87 ± 0.01AB | 0.92 ± 0.03A | 1.64 ± 0.02AB |
| 5 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
| 6 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
| 7 | 0.45 ± 0.01DE | 0.33 ± 0.01G | 0.38 ± 0.01FG | 0.44 ± 0.01DE | 0.55 ± 0.02C | 0.40 ± 0.01EF | 0.44 ± 0.02EF | 0.49 ± 0.01D | 0.47 ± 0.01D | 0.78 ± 0.01B | 0.90 ± 0.03A | 0.57 ± 0.02C |
| 8 | 1.06 ± 0.01A | 0.63 ± 0.02DE | 0.66 ± 0.03CD | 0.59 ± 0.01E | 0.63 ± 0.02DE | 0.62 ± 0.03DE | 0.72 ± 0.01C | 0.61 ± 0.01DE | 0.70 ± 0.03C | 0.93 ± 0.02B | 1.02 ± 0.03A | 0.59 ± 0.01E |
| 9 | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ | < LOQ |
| 10 | 6.52 ± 0.11A | 3.11 ± 0.04H | 3.35 ± 0.03FG | 3.11 ± 0.02H | 3.80 ± 0.06E | 3.14 ± 0.08GH | 4.07 ± 0.12D | 3.39 ± 0.1F | 3.86 ± 0.05E | 5.56 ± 0.03C | 6.27 ± 0.06B | 3.53 ± 0.07F |
| 11 | 5.52 ± 0.19A | 3.08 ± 0.04E | 3.51 ± 0.03CD | 3.26 ± 0.05E | 3.27 ± 0.07DE | 2.76 ± 0.03F | 3.62 ± 0.11F | 3.25 ± 0.08E | 3.19 ± 0.05E | 5.02 ± 0.05B | 5.69 ± 0.04A | 3.21 ± 0.04E |
| 12 | 0.61 ± 0.01G | 1.17 ± 0.05BC | 1.14 ± 0.01C | 1.25 ± 0.02B | 0.81 ± 0.04F | 1.61 ± 0.02A | 1.12 ± 0.02C | 0.90 ± 0.01EF | 0.95 ± 0.04DE | 0.93 ± 0.02DE | 0.81 ± 0.01F | 1.02 ± 0.01D |
| 13 | 2.13 ± 0.01F | 2.60 ± 0.03D | 2.81 ± 0.02C | 3.20 ± 0.03A | 1.18 ± 0.02I | 2.85 ± 0.01BC | 2.95 ± 0.1B | 2.25 ± 0.05E | 1.05 ± 0.06J | 1.55 ± 0.02GH | 1.48 ± 0.02H | 1.61 ± 0.02G |
| 14 | 0.17 ± 0.00G | 0.29 ± 0.00EF | 0.28 ± 0.00F | 0.30 ± 0.01DE | 0.37 ± 0.00B | 0.42 ± 0.00A | 0.32 ± 0.00D | 0.33 ± 0.01CD | 0.32 ± 0.00D | 0.31 ± 0.00D | 0.31 ± 0.00D | 0.35 ± 0.01C |
| 15 | 0.17 ± 0.00G | 0.22 ± 0.00E | 0.20 ± 0.00F | 0.29 ± 0.01B | 0.25 ± 0.00C | 0.24 ± 0.00C | 0.23 ± 0.00CD | 0.23 ± 0.00CD | 0.35 ± 0.00A | 0.21 ± 0.00F | 0.25 ± 0.00C | 0.18 ± 0.00G |
| 16 | 0.50 ± 0.01H | 0.73 ± 0.02G | 0.89 ± 0.03E | 1.11 ± 0.02C | 0.84 ± 0.02EF | 1.50 ± 0.04A | 1.18 ± 0.05BC | 0.99 ± 0.02D | 0.78 ± 0.02FG | 0.80 ± 0.04FG | 0.78 ± 0.01FG | 1.27 ± 0.01B |
| 17 + 18 | 0.94 ± 0.01FG | 1.27 ± 0.03C | 1.36 ± 0.02B | 1.32 ± 0.02B | 0.93 ± 0.03G | 1.46 ± 0.02A | 1.31 ± 0.03BC | 1.00 ± 0.03E | 0.79 ± 0.03H | 1.06 ± 0.02E | 1.01 ± 0.02EF | 1.12 ± 0.00D |
| 19 | 2.01 ± 0.01B | 2.15 ± 0.02A | 1.99 ± 0.01BC | 1.89 ± 0.02C | 1.05 ± 0.01H | 2.12 ± 0.05A | 1.96 ± 0.07BC | 1.71 ± 0.04D | 1.09 ± 0.04GH | 1.33 ± 0.02F | 1.18 ± 0.05G | 1.46 ± 0.01E |
| 20 | 3.15 ± 0.00E | 4.94 ± 0.02C | 5.25 ± 0.04B | 4.92 ± 0.03C | 3.17 ± 0.10G | 5.95 ± 0.02A | 5.01 ± 0.16C | 3.19 ± 0.08G | 2.51 ± 0.04H | 3.33 ± 0.04FG | 3.41 ± 0.07F | 3.62 ± 0.03D |
| 21 | 1.84 ± 0.02CD | 1.80 ± 0.03CD | 1.74 ± 0.03DE | 2.41 ± 0.01A | 1.65 ± 0.02F | 1.77 ± 0.03DE | 2.36 ± 0.06A | 1.72 ± 0.05EF | 1.31 ± 0.04G | 1.87 ± 0.04C | 1.78 ± 0.05DE | 2.00 ± 0.02B |
| 22 | 0.90 ± 0.01CD | 0.86 ± 0.01DE | 0.84 ± 0.02DE | 1.11 ± 0.03A | 0.68 ± 0.02F | 1.14 ± 0.02A | 1.08 ± 0.04A | 0.99 ± 0.02B | 0.66 ± 0.02F | 0.90 ± 0.04CD | 0.80 ± 0.03E | 0.94 ± 0.01C |
| 23 | 3.42 ± 0.04B | 2.76 ± 0.03D | 2.64 ± 0.03D | 3.15 ± 0.05C | 1.67 ± 0.04H | 3.59 ± 0.01A | 3.36 ± 0.09B | 3.47 ± 0.05AB | 1.89 ± 0.05G | 2.11 ± 0.08F | 2.16 ± 0.05F | 2.43 ± 0.02E |
| 24 | 3.62 ± 0.01F | 3.81 ± 0.01E | 4.28 ± 0.06C | 5.02 ± 0.07B | 3.14 ± 0.06G | 5.72 ± 0.03A | 4.31 ± 0.09C | 3.82 ± 0.07E | 2.60 ± 0.05H | 3.64 ± 0.03F | 3.70 ± 0.05EF | 4.03 ± 0.05D |
| 25 | 4.25 ± 0.05A | 2.91 ± 0.04F | 2.96 ± 0.06F | 4.06 ± 0.04B | 3.01 ± 0.06F | 3.24 ± 0.06E | 3.93 ± 0.11BC | 3.91 ± 0.07BC | 2.23 ± 0.02G | 3.50 ± 0.03D | 3.60 ± 0.05D | 3.84 ± 0.04C |
| 26 | 0.47 ± 0.01A | 0.19 ± 0.01D | 0.17 ± 0.01D | 0.23 ± 0.00D | 0.22 ± 0.00D | < LOQ | 0.20 ± 0.01D | 0.21 ± 0.01D | 0.33 ± 0.01C | 0.38 ± 0.02BC | 0.43 ± 0.01AB | 0.21 ± 0.01D |
| 27 | 0.80 ± 0.01A | 0.25 ± 0.01FG | 0.30 ± 0.01E | 0.23 ± 0.01FG | 0.27 ± 0.01EF | 0.14 ± 0.01H | 0.40 ± 0.01D | 0.26 ± 0.01EF | 0.24 ± 0.01FG | 0.49 ± 0.01C | 0.55 ± 0.01B | 0.22 ± 0.01G |
| 28 | 0.21 ± 0.01D | 0.27 ± 0.01B | 0.17 ± 0.01F | 0.24 ± 0.01BC | 0.19 ± 0.01DE | 0.19 ± 0.01DE | 0.26 ± 0.01B | 0.34 ± 0.01A | 0.33 ± 0.01A | 0.17 ± 0.01F | 0.16 ± 0.01FG | 0.28 ± 0.00B |
| 29 | 0.25 ± 0.01C | 0.20 ± 0.01D | 0.15 ± 0.01DE | 0.42 ± 0.01B | 0.17 ± 0.01DE | 0.14 ± 0.01E | 0.20 ± 0.01D | 0.49 ± 0.01A | 0.28 ± 0.01C | 0.17 ± 0.01DE | 0.17 ± 0.01DE | 0.41 ± 0.01B |
| 30 | 0.05 ± 0.01B | 0.05 ± 0.01B | 0.05 ± 0.01AB | 0.06 ± 0.01A | 0.03 ± 0.01CD | 0.05 ± 0.02BC | 0.06 ± 0.01A | 0.05 ± 0.02AB | 0.02 ± 0.01E | 0.04 ± 0.01C | 0.04 ± 0.01C | 0.04 ± 0.01C |
| KA deriv. | 27.81 | 18.91 | 20.19 | 22.80 | 18.30 | 22.44 | 23.59 | 21.93 | 17.24 | 24.32 | 26.11 | 21.30 |
| QU deriv. | 11.24 | 14.70 | 14.94 | 15.81 | 9.61 | 16.60 | 15.52 | 11.68 | 8.70 | 10.77 | 10.39 | 11.65 |
| Total | 43.71 | 40.95 | 42.41 | 46.27 | 33.08 | 48.96 | 46.06 | 38.76 | 31.95 | 41.88 | 43.23 | 37.96 |
The data are presented as means ± SD (n = 3). Different superscripts in each row indicate significant differences in the means at p < 0.05. KA deriv.: total content of kaempferol and its glycosides; QU deriv.: total content of quercetin and its glycosides. The systematic names of the analytes are provided in Table 1 of the main paper [1].