Table. Meta-analysis of Male and Female Physician Suicides.
| Source | Suicides Among Physicians, No. | Deaths, No. per 100 000 Population | SE | Standardized Mortality Ratioa (95% CI) | Age Range, y | Total Quality Control | Location | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | Expected | ||||||||
| Innos et al,57 2002 | |||||||||
| Men | 6 | 6 | 10 | 0.4 | 0.58 (0.21-1.27) | 20-65 | 6 | Estonia | 1983-1998 |
| Women | 5 | 5 | 8 | 0.434 | 0.62 (0.20-1.45) | 20-65 | |||
| Petersen and Burnett,34 2008 | |||||||||
| Men | 181 | 21.3 | 27.2 | 0.170 | 0.8 (0.53-1.2) | 20-64 | 7 | 26 US states | 1984-1992 |
| Women | 22 | 11.8 | 5.7 | 0.603 | 2.39 (1.52-3.77) | 20-64 | |||
| Lindeman et al,37 1997 | |||||||||
| Men | 35 | 54 | 62 | 0.119 | 0.87 (0.69-1.10) | >25 | 7 | Finland | 1986-1993 |
| Women | 16 | 35 | 15 | 0.394 | 2.33 (1.08-5.05) | >25 | |||
| Hawton et al,54 2001 | |||||||||
| Men | 42 | 14 | 21 | 0.178 | 0.67 (0.47-0.87) | 25-64 | 6 | England and Wales | 1991-1995 |
| Women | 15 | 13 | 6 | 0.601 | 2.02 (1.00-3.04) | 25-59 | |||
| Kõlves et al,50 2013 | |||||||||
| Men | 20 | 21.09 | 30.58 | 0.150 | 0.69 (0.43-1.09) | 25-64 | 6 | Queensland, Australia | 1990-2007 |
| Women | 7 | 14.38 | 8.25 | 0.460 | 1.74 (0.76-3.78) | 25-64 | |||
| Palhares-Alves et al,52 2015 | |||||||||
| Men | 38 | 4.9 | 7.2 | 0.295 | 0.68 (0.29-1.16) | Mean age 46.8 (men and women combined) | 4 | São Paulo, Brazil | 2000-2009 |
| Women | 12 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 0.851 | 1.6 (0.54-2.78) | ||||
| Milner et al, 2016, and the Australian Bureau of Statistics31,58 | |||||||||
| Men | 62 | 14.8 | 22.1 | 0.174 | 0.67 (0.48-2.10) | 20-70 for physicians, 20-69 for population | 7 | Australia | 2001-2012 |
| Women | 17 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 0.408 | 1.03 (0.46-2.16) | 20-70 for physicians, 20-69 for population | |||
| ONS59 | |||||||||
| Men | 104 | 6.57 | 18.81 | 0.136 | 0.35 (0.27-3.74) | 20-64 | 7 | England | 2001-2010 |
| Women | 46 | 5.30 | 5.62 | 0.409 | 0.94 (0.42-2.37) | 20-64 | |||
| ONS59 | |||||||||
| Men | 59 | 12.4 | 18.9 | 0.186 | 0.63 (0.43-2.28) | 20-64 | 7 | England | 2011-2015 |
| Women | 22 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 0.434 | 1.01 (0.44-2.31) | 20-64 | |||
| Proportionate Mortality Ratiob | |||||||||
| NOMS59 | |||||||||
| White men | 398 | NA | NA | 0.052 | 1.77 (1.60-1.96) | 18-90 | 7 | 26 US states | 1985-1998 |
| Black men | 8 | NA | NA | 0.428 | 2.50 (1.08-4.92) | 18-90 | |||
| White women | 42 | NA | NA | 0.166 | 2.66 (1.92-3.60) | 18-90 | |||
| Black women | NA (<5) | NA | NA | NA | NA (<5) | 18-90 | |||
| NOMS63 | |||||||||
| White men | 310 | NA | NA | 0.059 | 2.03 (1.81-2.27) | 18-90 | 7 | 26 US states | 1999-2003, 2004-2007, 2013 |
| Black men | 11 | NA | NA | 0.354 | 4.24 (2.12-7.59) | 18-90 | |||
| White women | 51 | NA | NA | 0.151 | 2.42 (1.80-3.18) | 18-90 | |||
| Black women | NA (<5) | NA | NA | NA | NA (<5) | 18-90 | |||
| ONS59 | |||||||||
| Men | 59 | NA | NA | 0.139 | 1.85 (1.41-2.38) | 20-64 | 7 | England | 2011-2015 |
| Women | 22 | NA | NA | 0.240 | 1.97 (1.23-2.98) | 20-64 | |||
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; NOMS, National Occupational Mortality Service; ONS, Office for National Statistics.
a
Physician suicide mortality relative to that of general population.
b
The proportionate mortality ratio data are only for (1) US NOMS and NIOSH data, because we could not obtain a standardized mortality ratio, and (2) England ONS, to compare standardized mortality ratio and proportionate mortality ratio data.