Fig. (4).

Role of dietary flavonoids in epilepsy via modulation of CREB-BDNF Pathway. Epileptic seizures result in enhanced neuronal discharges and alterations in neurotransmitter release which results in excitotoxicity that ultimately leads to various cognitive and behavioural impairments. Flavonoids interact with receptors like GABA, NMDA, Ion channels, TrkB etc and cause the upregulation of CREB-BDNF pathway. Enhanced BDNF shows reversal of neuronal damage and behavioural impairments caused by seizures and also BDNF potentiates the synthesis of NPY that further leads to the suppression of seizures. BDNF: Brain derived neurotrophic factor; CREB: cAMP response element binding protein and NPY: Neuropeptide Y. (A higher resolution / colour version of this figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).