Figure 1.

Environmental factors modulate gut microbiota and potentially contribute to T1D onset. Environmental factors, such as birth mode, diet early in life, and use of antibiotics can influence gut microbiota composition and can to lead to lower bacterial diversity, decreased SCFA production and increased gut permeability. Bacterial phyla/genus/species that are affected by environmental factors and differ between T1D patients and healthy controls are depicted in the colors black/green/purple, respectively. Bacterial genus/species that have been identified in proteomic analyses and are increased in either T1D patients or healthy controls are shown in red. Bacterial genus/species that have been identified in metabolomics analyses and are increased in either T1D patients or healthy controls are shown in blue.