. 2020 Mar 4;12:1759720X20906040. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20906040

Table 2.

Relationship between TNFi treatment and spinal radiographic progression in patients with AS.

Study	Design	Therapy	Length of follow-up	N^*	Baseline mSASSS^#	Likelihood of progression	Type of analysis	MINORS score
Haroon et al. 2013¹⁹	Cohort	TNFis	TNFi treated - Mean 2.9 ± 1.03 years TNFi untreated - Mean 2.8 ± 1.1 years	334	All, 9.6 ± 14.5 - TNFi treated (n=201), 10.6 ± 14.9 - TNFi untreated (n=133), 8.2 ± 13.8	TNFi treatment vs no TNFi treatment, OR 0.52 (95% CI 0.30, 0.88); p=0.02 TNFi treatment vs no TNFi treatment in 142 post-propensity score matched samples, OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.11, 0.78); p=0.01 TNFi treatment for >50% of disease duration vs ⩽50%,OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.04, 0.92); p=0.04 Delay in starting therapy of >10 years vs ⩽ 10 years,OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.09, 5.3); p=0.03	Univariate, adjusted for baseline mSASSS^ Multivariate, adjusted^† Univariate, adjusted for baseline mSASSS^ Univariate, adjusted for baseline mSASSS^**	18/24
Kim et al. 2016⁴⁰	Cohort (OSKAR cohort)	TNFis	TNFi treated - Mean 5.01 ± 1.24 years TNFi untreated - Mean 5.09 ± 1.07 years	610	- TNFi treated (n=269), 18.87 ± 17.96 - TNFi untreated (n=341), 15.68 ± 15.49	TNFi treatment vs no TNFi treatment, OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.56, 1.11); p=0.17 TNFi treatment vs no TNFi treatment in 166 vs 166 post-propensity score matched samples, OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.29, 1.63); p=0.41	Univariate Multivariate, adjusted for disease duration, baseline mSASSS and TNFi exposure	12/24
Jeong et al. 2018⁴³	Cohort	TNFis	Mean 102.9 ± 54.9 months	151	7.6 ± 10.8	Time to start TNFi, ß-coefficient 0.004 (SE 0.001); p=0.001 TNFi index^§, ß-coefficient -0.007 (SE 0.004); p=0.077 Time to start TNFi, ß-coefficient 0.003 (SE 0.001); p=0.028 TNFi index^§, ß-coefficient -0.008 (SE 0.004); p=0.048	Univariate Univariate Multivariate, adjusted for time to start TNFi Multivariate, adjusted for TNFi index^§	8/16
Molnar et al. 2018⁶	Cohort (SCQM cohort)	TNFis	Up to 10 years	432	6.6 ± 12.5	TNFi use prior to a 2-year radiographic interval (yes vs no), OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.28, 0.88); p=0.02 TNFi use during a 2-year radiographic interval (yes vs no), OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.49, 1.56); p=0.64 Number of years of continuous TNFi use prior to a 2-year radiographic interval,^¶ OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.66, 0.94); p=0.01	Multivariate, adjusted^† Multivariate, adjusted^† Multivariate, adjusted^†	10/16

For mSASSS assessment; ^#Mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise specified; ^†Adjusted for multiple baseline clinical and demographic characteristics; ^¶Estimated effect of TNFi per year of continuous TNFi use; ^§Ratio of period of TNFi use: entire period of disease; ^**Additional multivariate analysis and analyses in matched samples are also reported but have not been included here for simplicity.

CI, confidence interval; MINORS, methodological index for non-randomized studies; mSASSS, modified Stokes Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score; OR, odds ratio; OSKAR, Observation Study of the Korean SpondyloArthropathy Registry; SCQM, Swiss Clinical Quality Management; SE, standard error; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.