Table 5.

Associations of obesity in different definitions with high osteoporosis risk

	Total	Male	Female	< 55 years old	≥55 years old
WC	0.744 (0.636, 0.871)	0.926 (0.684, 1.255)	0.644 (0.534, 0.777)	0.843 (0.649, 1.096)	0.750 (0.617, 0.912)
WHR	0.716 (0.622, 0.825)	0.842 (0.659, 1.075)	0.617 (0.517, 0.735)	0.772 (0.615, 0.968)	0.715 (0.597, 0.856)
WHtR	0.672 (0.580, 0.779)	0.716 (0.557, 0.918)	0.609 (0.506, 0.733)	0.742 (0.584, 0.942)	0.684 (0.568, 0.823)
BMI	0.934 (0.756, 1.149)	1.234 (0.828, 1.839)	0.816 (0.638, 1.042)	0.662 (0.452, 0.971)	1.133 (0.883, 1.455)
BFP	0.973 (0.852, 1.112)	0.821 (0.652, 1.034)	0.999 (0.847, 1.179)	1.013 (0.792, 1.295)	1.021 (0.874, 1.193)
VFI	0.775 (0.666, 0.901)	0.596 (0.455, 0.781)	0.827 (0.688, 0.993)	0.745 (0.565, 0.982)	0.870 (0.729, 1.040)

Data are OR (95% Confidence Interval) for developing high osteoporosis risk of obesity/high vs. normal/normal and overweight/low in different obesity definitions. (WC: < 90 cm for males and < 80 cm for females was normal; ≥90 cm for males and < 80 cm for females was obesity; WHR: < 0.9 for males and < 0.85 for females was normal; ≥0.9 for males and ≥ 0.85 for females was obesity; WHtR: < 0.5 was normal; ≥0.5 was obesity; BMI: < 28.0 kg/m² was normal/overweight; ≥28.0 kg/m² was obesity; BFP%: < 25% for males and < 35% for females was normal; ≥25% for males and ≥ 35% for females was obesity; VFI: < 9 was low; ≥9 was high)

Data are adjusted for age, gender, FFM, education level, marital status, income level, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and dietary (meat and poultry, fresh fish, beans, vegetables and fruits)

Abbreviation: OR Odds ratio, WC Waist circumference, WHR Waist to hip ratio, WHtR Waist to height ratio, BMI Body mass index, BFP Body fat percentage, VFI Visceral fat index, FFM Fat-free mass