Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Lowest and Highest Quintiles (Qs) of Dietary Pattern Scoring in the WHI Health Observational Study
| Dietary Pattern, No. (%)a | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aMED | HEI-2010 | AHEI-2010 | DASH | |||||
| Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | |
| Participantsb | 6545 (7.3) | 20819 (23.1) | 17 584 (19.5) | 18 409 (20.5) | 16 517 (18.3) | 21047 (23.4) | 13 365 (14.8) | 20 499 (22.8) |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 50–59 | 2230 (34.1) | 6381 (30.7) | 6758 (38.4) | 4534 (24.6) | 5820 (35.2) | 6391 (30.4) | 5243 (39.2) | 5693 (27.8) |
| 60–69 | 2819 (43.1) | 9355 (44.9) | 7483 (42.6) | 8319 (45.2) | 7074 (42.8) | 9411 (44.7) | 5638 (42.2) | 9105 (44.4) |
| 70–79 | 1496 (22.9) | 5083 (24.4) | 3343 (19.0) | 5556 (30.2) | 3623 (21.9) | 5245 (24.9) | 2484(18.6) | 5701 (27.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 5431 (83.0) | 18 140 (87.1) | 13 996 (79.6) | 15 877 (86.3) | 12 947 (78.4) | 18 693 (88.8) | 9793 (73.3) | 18 255 (89.1) |
| African American | 584 (8.9) | 1145 (5.5) | 1866 (10.6) | 1242 (6.8) | 2041 (12.4) | 901 (4.3) | 2019 (15.1) | 886 (4.3) |
| Hispanic | 307 (4.7) | 410 (2.0) | 1046 (6.0) | 352 (1.9) | 937 (5.7) | 370 (1.8) | 950 (7.1) | 387 (1.9) |
| Other | 223 (3.4) | 1124 (5.4) | 676 (3.8) | 938 (5.1) | 592 (3.6) | 1083 (5.2) | 603 (4.5) | 971 (4.7) |
| BMI≥30 | 2161 (33.4) | 3752 (18.3) | 5995 (34.5) | 3178 (17.5) | 6107 (37.4) | 2971 (14.3) | 5037 (38.2) | 3232 (16.0) |
| Smoking, never | 3199 (49.6) | 10492 (51.1) | 7683 (4.4) | 10 214 (56.2) | 8670 (53.2) | 9590 (46.2) | 6203 (47.1) | 10 835 (53.5) |
| Physical activity, ≥19 METs | 922 (14.2) | 7689 (37.3) | 2889 (16.6) | 6500 (35.7) | 2120 (13.0) | 8525 (40.9) | 1825 (13.8) | 7963 (39.3) |
| Self-reported health, excellent | 807 (12.4) | 4671 (22.6) | 2443 (14.0) | 3840 (21.0) | 1771 (10.8) | 5399 (25.8) | 1504 (11.3) | 4866 (23.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus, treated | 280 (4.3) | 647 (3.1) | 652 (3.7) | 759 (4.1) | 889 (5.4) | 526 (2.5) | 659 (4.9) | 707 (3.4) |
| Menopausal hormone therapy use, never | 2969 (45.4) | 7782 (37.4) | 7855 (44.7) | 7214 (39.2) | 7548 (45.7) | 7670 (36.5) | 6262 (46.9) | 7706 (37.6) |
| No. of psychoactive medications, <1c | 5571 (85.1) | 18 582 (89.3) | 15 016 (85.4) | 16 405 (89.1) | 13 937 (84.4) | 18 885 (89.7) | 11485 (85.9) | 18 201 (88.8) |
| No. of chronic medical conditions, <1d | 2731 (41.7) | 10 162 (48.8) | 7578 (43.1) | 8397 (45.6) | 6305 (38.2) | 10841 (51.5) | 5248 (39.3) | 10184 (49.7) |
| History of fracture at age ≥55 y | 824 (16.2) | 2951 (17.7) | 2096 (16.0) | 2779 (18.2) | 2038 (16.0) | 3043 (18.2) | 1510 (15.1) | 2999 (18.0) |
| Physicalfunction, SF-36 score >90 | 1868 (29.2) | 9219 (45.0) | 5459 (31.7) | 7690 (42.6) | 4406 (27.3) | 10 046 (48.5) | 3775 (28.9) | 9108 (45.2) |
| Bisphosphonate use | 127 (1.9) | 592 (2.8) | 303 (1.7) | 619 (3.4) | 284 (1.7) | 665 (3.2) | 216 (1.6) | 656 (3.2) |
| Calcitonin use | 22 (0.3) | 91 (0.4) | 56 (0.3) | 87 (0.5) | 50 (0.3) | 91 (0.4) | 34(0.3) | 97 (0.5) |
| Selective estrogen receptor modulator use | 0 | 8 (0.04) | 4(0.02) | 7 (0.04) | 5 (0.03) | 12 (0.06) | 5 (0.04) | 10 (0.05) |
| Alcohol intake, mean (SD), g/d | 5(12) | 6(10) | 9(17) | 3(6) | 4(12) | 7(9) | 6(13) | 5 (9) |
| Total energy intake, mean (SD), kcal | 1332 (507) | 1804 (598) | 1782 (742) | 1428 (469) | 1574 (628) | 1567 (538) | 1657 (653) | 1590 (530) |
Abbreviations: AHEI-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index 201019,20; aMED, alternate Mediterranean Diet13,17; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension21; HEI-2010, Healthy Eating Index 201018; METs, metabolic equivalent of tasks; SF-36, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey41,42; WHI, Women’s Health Initiative.
Q1 represents the least healthy quintile; Q5, the healthiest quintile.
Not all data were available on some characteristics.
Medications included anxiolytics, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptic agents.
Conditions included treated diabetes mellitus, stroke, any cancer, history of cardiovascular disease, arthritis, hypertension, and emphysema.