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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Intern Med. 2016 May 1;176(5):645–652. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.0482

Table 3.

HRs for Hip or Total Fractures by Quintiles (Qs) of Dietary Pattern Scores in the WHI Observational Study

Hip Fracture Total Fracture
Dietary Pattern, No. (%)a Score No. of Individuals No. of Cases Mean Follow-up, y HR (95% CI)b No. of Cases Mean Follow-up, y HR (95% CI)b
aMED
 Q1 <2 6545 177 12.35 1 [Reference] 1960 10.61 1 [Reference]
 Q2 2–4 27 984 680 12.78 0.84 (0.70–1.01) 8694 10.91 1.01 (0.96–1.07)
 Q3 4–5 18050 396 13.15 0.77 (0.63–0.94) 5714 11.25 0.99 (0.93–1.05)
 Q4 5–6 16616 366 13.39 0.76 (0.62–0.92) 5336 11.43 0.98 (0.92–1.04)
 Q5 >6 20819 502 13.78 0.80 (0.66–0.97) 7014 11.65 1.01 (0.95–1.07)
HEI-2010
 Q1 <53 17 584 405 12.64 1 [Reference] 5328 10.82 1 [Reference]
 Q2 53–60 17871 406 13.06 0.93 (0.80–1.08) 5617 11.14 0.98 (0.94–1.02)
 Q3 60–66 18 083 419 13.28 0.84 (0.72–0.99) 5826 11.32 0.97 (0.93–1.01)
 Q4 66–72 18 067 392 13.40 0.79 (0.67–0.92) 5796 11.44 0.95 (0.91–0.99)
 Q5 >72 18 409 499 13.43 0.87 (0.75–1.02) 6151 11.39 0.98 (0.93–1.02)
AHEI-2010
 Q1 <47 16517 381 12.25 1 [Reference] 4862 10.51 1 [Reference]
 Q2 47–53 15 997 392 12.79 0.99 (0.85–1.16) 4975 10.95 0.98 (0.94–1.03)
 Q3 53–59 18 892 440 13.11 0.94 (0.80–1.09) 5936 11.23 0.97 (0.93–1.01)
 Q4 59–65 17561 399 13.60 0.92 (0.78–1.08) 5733 11.56 0.99 (0.95–1.04)
 Q5 >65 21 047 509 13.86 0.94 (0.80–1.09) 7212 11.70 1.01 (0.96–1.05)
DASH
 Q1 <20 13 365 277 12.26 1 [Reference] 3834 10.53 1 [Reference]
 Q2 20–23 18 704 456 12.84 1.02 (0.86–1.20) 5814 10.98 0.97 (0.92–1.01)
 Q3 23–25 15 441 350 13.24 0.85 (0.71–1.02) 4933 11.29 0.95 (0.91–1.00)
 Q4 25–28 22 005 504 13.46 0.85 (0.72–1.00) 7098 11.48 0.94 (0.89–0.98)
 Q5 >28 20 499 534 13.69 0.89 (0.75–1.06) 7039 11.57 0.98 (0.94–1.03)

Abbreviations: AHEI-2010, Alternate Healthy Eating Index 201019; aMED, alternate Mediterranean Diet13,17; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension21; HEI-2010, Healthy Eating Index 201018; HR, hazard ratio; WHI, Women’s Health Initiative.

a

Q1 represents the least healthy quintile; Q5, the healthiest quintile.

b

Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, self-reported health, diabetes mellitus status, history of fracture at 55 years or older, physical function score, number of chronic medical conditions, number of psychoactive medications, and use of hormone therapy, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and selective estrogen receptor modulators.