Western blotting of AIF, PARP-1 and PAR. (A) Western blotting and (B-D) quantitative analysis in enriched mitochondrial, nuclear and cytosolic proteins. (A and B) The results proved that the knockdown of AIF resulted in decreased mitochondrial AIF, but increased nuclear and cytosolic AIF. (A and C) Similar levels of PARP-1 expression was observed in the nuclei of the three groups. (A and D) The cytosolic and nuclear PAR polymer levels were increased following AIF knockdown (n=6). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. TCPS and siRNA-control. The relative protein expression levels were calculated by band intensity normalization to internal control; COX IV for mitochondrial fractions, Tubulin for cytoplasmic fractions and histone H3 for nuclear fractions respectively. AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor; PAR, poly(ADP-ribose); PARP-1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.