Table 2.

Platelet-derived EVs procoagulant and prothrombotic effects.

Molecule	Mechanism	References
Phosphatidylserine surface expression	Negative charged surface creates binding sites for factors II, Va, Xa (prothrombinase complex)	(112)
Tissue Factor surface expression	It binds factor VIIa on phosphatidylserine- containing surface and activates extrinsic pathway of coagulation	(113)
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)	Platelet aggregation	(114)
Receptors for factor VIII	Thrombin generation	(115)
Release of factor XIIa	Activation of intrinsic pathway	(116)
Thromboxane A2 synthesis and release	Platelet aggregation	(117)
IL 1-β release	Monocyte adhesion to endothelium, endothelial cell activation	(118)
RANTES deposition	Monocyte recruitment to endothelium	(119)