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. 2020 Feb 11;22(2):e16715. doi: 10.2196/16715

Table 5.

Change in depression in study groups by participant characteristics.

Variables Run4Love intervention (N=150) Usual care (N=150) Mean between-group difference for change from baseline (95% CI)c P valued P value for interaction

N Within-Group 3-month change in CES-D from baseline, mean (95% CI)a N Within-Group 3-month change in CES-D from baseline, mean (95% CI)b


Age .02

<27 years 68 −7.29 (−9.31 to −5.27) 65 1.28 (−0.59 to 3.15) −8.57 (−11.30 to −5.83) <.001  

≥27 years 82 −5.31 (−7.39 to −3.24) 85 −1.76 (−3.92 to 0.40) −3.55 (−6.51 to −0.60) .02  
Gender .89

Male 142 −6.28 (−7.75 to −4.81) 135 −0.52 (−2.11 to 1.06) −5.76 (−7.90 to −3.62) <.001  

Female 8 −4.88 (−15.33 to 5.58) 15 0.31 (−4.09 to 4.70) −5.18 (−13.65 to 3.28) .22  
BMI .58

<18.5 kg/m2 34 −5.40 (−9.25 to −1.54) 37 1.48 (−1.54 to 4.49) −6.88 (−11.62 to −2.14) .005  

≥18.5 kg/m2 116 −6.45 (−7.98 to −4.91) 113 −1.07 (−2.78 to 0.64) −5.38 (−7.64 to −3.11) <.001  
Education .05

≤high school 52 −4.27 (−6.44 to −2.10) 66 −1.12 (−3.56 to 1.32) −3.15 (−6.46 to 0.16) .06  

>high school 98 −7.24 (−9.12 to −5.35) 84 0.09 (−1.76 to 1.94) −7.33 (−9.96 to −4.69) <.001  
Sexual orientation .27

Homosexual 130 −6.37 (−7.93 to −4.81) 115 −0.01 (−1.71 to 1.69) −6.36 (−8.64 to −4.08) <.001  

Heterosexual 20 −5.14 (−9.46 to −0.82) 35 −1.86 (−4.95 to 1.24) −3.29 (−8.31 to 1.73) .19  
Marital status .006

Married 18 −3.78 (−8.08 to 0.52) 20 −5.41 (−10.43 to −0.39) 1.63 (−4.77 to 8.04) .61  

Unmarried 132 −6.54 (−8.09 to −4.99) 130 0.32 (−1.19 to 1.83) −6.86 (−9.01 to −4.71) <.001  
Family monthly income .45

≥7000 yuan 82 −6.22 (−8.12 to −4.32) 94 0.14 (−1.69 to 1.97) −6.36 (−8.98 to −3.75) <.001  

>7000 yuan 68 −6.19 (−8.45 to −3.93) 56 −1.42 (−3.98 to 1.15) −4.77 (−8.12 to −1.42) .006  
Employed .17

Employed 123 −5.68 (−7.29 to −4.08) 128 −0.63 (−2.25 to 0.99) −5.05 (−7.32 to −2.79) <.001  

Unemployed 27 −8.59 (−12.09 to −5.09) 22 0.66 (−3.22 to 4.54) −9.25 (−14.33 to −4.18) <.001  
Duration of HIV infection .99

≤1 year 54 −6.62 (−9.15 to −4.10) 56 −0.86 (−3.48 to 1.76) −5.77 (−9.36 to −2.17) .002  

>1 year 96 −5.97 (−7.77 to −4.18) 94 −0.19 (−2.00 to 1.61) −5.78 (−8.30 to −3.26) <.001  
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score .83

≤Baseline mean 91 −5.14 (−6.94 to −3.33) 93 0.77 (−1.02 to 2.56) −5.91 (−8.42 to −3.39) <.001  

>Baseline mean 59 −7.86 (−10.30 to −5.43) 57 −2.42 (−4.96 to 0.12) −5.44 (−8.91 to −1.97) .002  

aOverall −6.21 (−7.66 to −4.76).

bOverall −0.44 (−1.92 to 1.03).

cOverall −5.77 (−7.82 to −3.71).

dOverall P value <.001.