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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg. 2019 Feb;269(2):191–196. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002819

Table 4.

Changes in clinical outcomes associated with ACO enrollment, pre-post difference-in-differences (DID) analysis

Risk-adjusted rates (%) Pre-post analysis, RR DID analysis, RR
ACO Non-ACO ACO Non-ACO
Before enrollment After enrollment Before enrollment After enrollment After vs. before enrollment After vs. before enrollment
Mortality 2.35
(2.24, 2.45)		 2.3
(2.19, 2.41)		 2.32
(2.26, 2.39)		 2.37
(2.3, 2.44)		 0.98
(0.93, 1.03)		 1.02
(0.98, 1.06)		 0.96
(0.91, 1.01)
Any complications 13.02
(12.69, 13.35)		 12.87
(12.54, 13.2)		 12.49
(12.3, 12.69)		 12.31
(12.11, 12.51)		 0.99
(0.97, 1.01)		 0.99
(0.97, 1)		 1.00
(0.98, 1.02)
Serious complications 6.86
(6.62, 7.1)		 6.8
(6.56, 7.05)		 6.79
(6.65, 6.94)		 6.76
(6.61, 6.91)		 0.99
(0.96, 1.02)		 0.99
(0.97, 1.02)		 1.00
(0.97, 1.02)
Readmissions 9.56
(9.33, 9.8)		 9.49
(9.25, 9.74)		 9.57
(9.42, 9.72)		 9.58
(9.42, 9.74)		 0.99
(0.97, 1.02)		 1.00
(0.98, 1.02)		 0.99
(0.97, 1.02)

95% confidence intervals given in parentheses.

RR: relative risk