Table 3. Age-adjusted analysis of potential factors for pneumonia deaths.

	Men			Women			Total
	No. (P-Y)*	HR (95% CI)	p	No. (P-Y)*	HR (95% CI)	p	No. (P-Y)*	p
Body mass index (kg/m2)
10.0-17.9	95 (811)	1.9 (1.6, 2.4)	<.001	64 (488)	2.3 (1.7, 3.1)	<.001	2.1 (1.7, 2.5)	<.001
18.0-22.9	446 (3976)	1.0 (Reference)		192 (1904)	1.0 (Reference)		1.0 (Reference)
23.0-24.9	102 (938)	0.7 (0.5, 0.8)	<.001	65 (599)	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.329	0.7 (0.6, 0.9)	<.001
25.0-32.9	65 (633)	0.6 (0.5, 0.8)	<.001	53 (552)	0.7 (0.5 , 1.0)	0.026	0.6 (0.5, 0.8)	<.001
Trend			<.001			<.001		<.001
Smoking
Current	360 (3319)	1.5 (1.2, 1.8)	<.001	29 (273)	1.5 (1.0, 2.2)	0.030	1.5 (1.3, 1.8)	<.001
Fomer	235 (2004)	1.2 (0.9, 1.4)	0.207	13 (89)	1.1 (0.5, 2.0)	0.894	1.2 (1.0, 1.4)	0.118
Never	134 (1121)	1.0 (Reference)		349 (3281)	1.0 (Reference)		1.0 (Reference)
Alcohol consumption
Current	442 (4094)	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)	0.041	60 (628)	0.8 (0.6, 1.0)	0.084	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)	0.009
Fomer	96 (741)	1.4 (1.1, 1.7)	0.014	20 (177)	2.7 (1.7, 4.3)	<.001	1.6 (1.2, 1.9)	<.001
Never	194 (1665)	1.0 (Reference)		314 (2861)	1.0 (Reference)		1.0 (Reference)
Medical history
Stroke	47 (315)	1.3 (1.1, 1.5)	0.005	20(156)	3.1 (2.0, 4.8)	<.001	2.4 (1.8, 3.0)	<.001
Hypertension	234 (2073)	2.1 (1.6, 2.9)	<.001	126 (1137)	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)	0.062	1.1 (0.9, 1.2)	0.302
Myocardial infarction	61 (481)	1.7 (1.3, 2.2)	<.001	18 (142)	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)	0.366	1.3 (1.1, 1.7)	0.016
Liver diseases	54 (441)	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)	0.091	18 (169)	0.9 (0.6, 1.5)	0.736	1.2 (0.9, 1.5)	0.225
Renal diseases	30 (235)	1.2 (0.8, 1.7)	0.334	17 (180)	0.9 (0.6, 1.5)	0.713	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)	0.613
Gallstones	35 (275)	1.1 (0.7, 1.5)	0.792	22 (185)	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	0.261	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.579
Diabetes mellitus	74 (635)	1.4 (1.1, 1.8)	0.008	39 (330)	1.6 (1.2, 2.3)	0.004	1.5(1.2, 1.8)	<.001
Gastroduodenal ulcer	178 (1568)	1.1 (1.0, 1.4)	0.151	51 (451)	1.0 (0.7, 1.3)	0.882	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	0.243
Tuberculosis	93 (798)	1.3 (1.0, 1.6)	0.039	37 (316)	1.5 (1.0, 2.1)	0.028	1.3 (1.1, 1.6)	0.004
Cancer	18 (153)	1.8 (1.1, 2.8)	0.019	17 (121)	1.9 (1.2, 3.1)	0.002	1.8 (1.3, 2.5)	0.001
Blood transfusion	125 (1005)	1.9 (1.6, 2.3)	<.001	63 (527)	1.8 (1.4, 2.4)	<.001	1.9 (1.6, 2.2)	<.001
External injury	174 (1471)	1.1 (0.9, 1.3)	0.486	66 (602)	1.0 (0.8, 1.3)	0.977	1.1 (0.9, 1.2)	0.570
Abdominal surgery	227 (1833)	1.2 (1.0, 1.4)	0.035	109 (1054)	0.8 (0.6, 1.0)	0.070	1.0 (0.9, 1.2)	0.606
Pregnancy				343 (3237)	0.6 (0.4, 0.9)	0.019
Exercise (playing sports)
<1 hour/week	368 (3033)	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)	0.107	211 (1946)	1.2 (0.9, 1.7)	0.288	1.2 (1.0, 1.5)	0.051
1-2 hour/week	91 (789)	1.0 (Reference)		35 (281)	1.0 (Reference)		1.0 (Reference)
3-4 hour/week	50 (448)	0.9 (0.6, 1.2)	0.432	21 (199)	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	0.573	0.9 (0.7, 1.2)	0.619
More	54 (482)	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)	0.124	22 (217)	0.9 (0.8, 1.2)	0.551	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)	0.225
Trend			<.001			0.353		0.004
Exercise (daily walking)
<0.5 hour/day	85 (601)	1.6 (1.2, 2.1)	0.001	47 (355)	1.7 (1.2, 2.5)	0.006	1.6 (1.3, 2.1)	<.001
0.5 hour/day	107 (895)	1.0 (Reference)		60 (508)	1.0 (Reference)		1.0 (Reference)
>0.5-1 hour/day	108 (856)	0.8 (0.6, 1.1)	0.194	54 (475)	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)	0.253	0.8 (0.7, 1.0)	0.081
More	226 (1981)	0.7 (0.6, 0.9)	0.008	109 (1079)	0.7 (0.5, 1.0)	0.024	0.7 (0.6, 0.9)	<.001
Trend			<.001			<.001		<.001

*: Number of participants and observed person-year (parentheses)

HR: hazard ratio

CI: confidence intervals