Table 2.
Energy and macronutrient intakes calculated from 4-day diet diaries from patients with NAFL and NASH
| Total (n = 55) | NAFL (n = 42) | NASH (n = 13) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1625 (1390; 2090) | 1621 (1389; 2102) | 1699 (1398; 1999) | 0.9143 |
| EER (kcal/day)a | 2263 (1897; 2635) | 2272 (1871; 2644) | 2064 (1761; 2289) | 0.1973 |
| Energy intake/requirement (%) | 73 (60; 97) | 72 (63; 96) | 86 (59; 104) | 0.6433 |
| Macronutrients/foods | ||||
| Protein (g/day) | 71.8 (66.6; 84.7) | 72.2 (67.4; 86.9) | 70.7 (56.9; 75.6) | 0.331 |
| Fat (g/day) | 65.2 (49.1; 87.01) | 62.9 (49.6; 83.2) | 74 (46.1; 93.0) | 0.8068 |
| Fat (%TE) | 34 (31; 41) | 34 (31; 39) | 35 (33; 44) | 0.4989 |
| SFA (g/day) | 23.5 (17.2; 32.4) | 23 (18.2; 34.1) | 23.5 (11.4; 30.9) | 0.3116 |
| SFA (%TE) | 13 (10; 16) | 13 (11; 17) | 11 (8; 14) | 0.1901 |
| n6 PUFA (g/day) | 2.3 (1.3; 4.8) | 2.2 (1.2; 4.4) | 3.7 (1.7; 6.0) | 0.1308 |
| n6 PUFA (%TE) | 1.2 (0.8; 2.3) | 1.1 (0.8; 1.8) | 1.5 (1.2; 3.4) | 0.0944 |
| n3 PUFA (g/day) | 0.4 (0.2; 0.6) | 0.4 (0.2; 0.6) | 0.5 (0.3; 0.6) | 0.5501 |
| n3 PUFA (%TE) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.3) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.3) | 0.2 (0.2; 0.4) | 0.5371 |
| MUFA (g/day) | 21.4 (16.5; 32.2) | 21.0 (16.8; 31.5) | 23.6 (12.6; 34.2) | 0.5633 |
| MUFA (%TE) | 12 (10; 13) | 12 (10; 13) | 13 (11; 15) | 0.1526 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 178 (160; 222) | 183 (160; 226) | 176 (161; 216) | 0.7766 |
| Carbohydrate (%TE) | 45 (41; 50) | 45 (44; 49) | 45 (37; 52) | 0.8525 |
| Total sugars (g/day) | 66.1 (45.2; 93.8) | 67.7 (45.0; 96.1) | 59.6 (50.0; 91.9) | 0.822 |
| Total sugars (%TE) | 15 (11; 21) | 16 (11; 20) | 16 (13; 17) | 0.8679 |
| Dietary fibre (g/day) | 12.3 (8.8; 14.8) | 11.9 (8.8; 13.6) | 13.8 (9.9; 15.7) | 0.2261 |
Values are presented as median (25th; 75th percentile)
EER estimated energy requirement, NAFL non-alcoholic fatty liver, NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, SFA saturated fatty acids, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, n6 omega 6, PA physical activity, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, %TE percent total energy
aMales: EER = 662 – (9.53 × age [y]) + PA x [(15.91 × weight [kg]) + (539.6 × height [cm])] [31]
Females: EER = 354 – (6.91 × age [y]) + PA x [(9.36 x weight [kg]) + (726 × height [cm])] [31]