Table 1.

Glial cells mechanism in cerebellar development and disease

Glial cells in the cerebellum	Mechanism in celebellar development	Mechanism in disease
Astrocytes	Secrete cytokines and growth factors →  oligodendrocytes and myelin modulation Bergmann glia →  provides a structure for cerebellar neuron migration and positioning	Glial inflammation disorders EAE → proinflammatory cytokine release (IL-1β) SCA1 → Bergmann glial cell reactivity through NF-Κβ Neuron–glial interaction disorders ADHD → increased GABA levels SCA7 → GLAST function interference, cause Purkinje cell excitotoxicity Oxidative stress disorders Neonatal ischemia →  increased Ca2+ influx in Bergmann cells
Oligodendrocytes	Cerebella cytoarchitecture maintenance Oligodendrocytes–Neuron interaction maintains and forms Ranvier nodes and paranodal regions of Purkineje cell	Oxidative stress disorders Postnatal hiperoxia → oligodendroglial maldevelopment Postnatal hypoxia → hypomielinization and reduced oligodendroglial maturation
Microglia	Regulate neurite growth, synaptic pruning, spinogenesis, neuronal apoptosis and oligodendrocyte maturation and development	Inflammation disorders EAE → increased INFβ release SCA1 → inflammation (increase of TNFa) SCA3 → upregulation of (MMP-2, IL-1 and SDF1alpha)