Table 4.
Sex-specific and multivariable-adjusted associations of aMEDr (per two-point increment) with colorectal cancer risk for various subgroups in the Netherlands Cohort Study
| Colorectal cancer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |||
| Cases | HR (95% CI)a,b | Cases | HR (95% CI)a,b | |
| Cigarette smoking statusc | ||||
| Never | 256 | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 915 | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) |
| Former | 1184 | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 350 | 0.78 (0.63–0.98) |
| Current | 553 | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 309 | 1.21 (0.96–1.51) |
| Pinteractiond | 0.714 | 0.015 | ||
| Alcohol consumptione | ||||
| 0 g/day | 235 | 1.14 (0.90–1.46) | 489 | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) |
| > 0 to < 15.0 g/day | 934 | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 865 | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) |
| ≥ 15.0 g/day | 824 | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 220 | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) |
| Pinteractiond | 0.731 | 0.539 | ||
| Body mass indexf | ||||
| ≥ 18.5 to < 25.0 kg/m2 | 970 | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 848 | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) |
| ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 | 1018 | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 707 | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) |
| Pinteractiond | 0.876 | 0.232 | ||
| Highest level of educationg | ||||
| Primary school or lower vocational | 863 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 841 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) |
| Secondary school or medium vocational | 706 | 1.04 (0.90–1.19) | 579 | 1.00 (0.84–1.19) |
| Higher vocational or university | 424 | 1.21 (0.98–1.50) | 154 | 1.08 (0.79–1.47) |
| Pinteractiond | 0.133 | 0.920 | ||
| Family history of colorectal cancerh | ||||
| No | 1811 | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | 1412 | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) |
| Yes | 182 | 0.82 (0.55–1.23) | 162 | 0.90 (0.59–1.39) |
| Pinteractiond | 0.204 | 0.423 | ||
aMEDr alternate Mediterranean diet score without the alcohol component
aAll HRs were estimated per two-point increment in aMEDr
bAdjusted for age at baseline (years), cigarette smoking status (never, former, current), cigarette smoking frequency (cigarettes smoked per day, centered), cigarette smoking duration (years, centered), body mass index (kg/m2), alcohol consumption (0, > 0 to < 5, ≥ 5 to < 15, ≥ 15 to < 30, ≥ 30 g/day), daily energy intake (kcal), highest level of education (primary school or lower vocational, secondary school or medium vocational, higher vocational or university), non-occupational physical activity (≤ 30, > 30 to ≤ 60, > 60 to ≤ 90, > 90 min/day), and family history of colorectal cancer (no, yes)
cNot adjusted for cigarette smoking status
dP values for interaction were obtained by testing the statistical significance of interaction terms between aMEDr and the stratifying covariates in multivariable-adjusted models
eNot adjusted for alcohol consumption
fNot adjusted for body mass index
gNot adjusted for highest level of education
hNot adjusted for family history of colorectal cancer