Table 1.
Clinical characteristics according to different metabolic phenotypes of obesity.
| Parameters | MHNO | MUNO | MHO | MUO |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definitions based on fat% | ||||
| N (men/women) | 357 (180/177) | 244 (202/42)** | 229 (11/218)**## | 193 (44/149)**##ΔΔ |
| Age, years | 59 (54–64) | 61 (55–65)* | 58 (53–62)## | 60 (54–64)Δ |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.11 (19.64–22.94) | 23.03 (21.53–24.55)** | 23.96 (22.69–25.61)**## | 25.76 (23.84–27.71)**##ΔΔ |
| Fat%, % | 22.10 (17.90–25.75) | 20.60 (17.23–23.30) | 33.30 (31.10–36.20)**## | 34.20 (30.20–37.30)**## |
| SBP, mmHg | 120 (111–129) | 136 (128–148)** | 121 (113–128)## | 139 (131–148)**ΔΔ |
| DBP, mmHg | 73 (68–80) | 82 (76–88)** | 73 (68–79)## | 82 (75–89)**ΔΔ |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.45 (5.19–5.83) | 5.91 (5.47–6.41)** | 5.60 (5.35–5.91)*## | 5.98 (5.57–6.56)**ΔΔ |
| 2hPG, mmol/L | 6.30 (5.32–7.29) | 8.06 (6.75–9.44)** | 6.56 (5.53–7.53)## | 8.53 (7.04–10.03)**ΔΔ |
| HOMA-IR | 1.58 (1.15–2.11) | 2.19 (1.60–3.44)** | 2.28 (1.65–3.06)** | 3.38 (2.51–4.77)**##ΔΔ |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.17 (4.56–5.78) | 5.46 (4.85–6.02)** | 5.41 (4.79–6.19)** | 5.58 (5.04–6.29)** |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.02 (0.78–1.31) | 1.98 (1.34–2.73)** | 1.14 (0.88–1.47)## | 1.93 (1.52–2.56)**ΔΔ |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.53 (1.27–1.78) | 1.23 (1.02–1.50)** | 1.51 (1.30–1.77)## | 1.28 (1.10–1.46)**ΔΔ |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 3.00 (2.53–3.60) | 3.37 (2.89–3.88)** | 3.23 (2.70–3.92)** | 3.50 (3.07–4.10)**ΔΔ |
| Definitions based on BMI | ||||
| N (men/women) | 484 (155/329) | 262 (151/111)** | 113 (44/69)## | 164 (87/77)**Δ |
| Age, years | 59 (54–63) | 61 (56–65)** | 58 (51–62)## | 59 (54–64) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.65 (20.05–23.14) | 22.80 (21.67–23.79)** | 26.14 (25.44–27.64)**## | 26.62 (25.81–28.11)**## |
| Fat%, % | 25.75 (19.32–30.70) | 21.75 (17.90–30.25) | 35.60 (24.25–38.30)**## | 28.70 (24.23–37.98)**## |
| SBP, mmHg | 120 (111–128) | 137 (130–148)** | 124 (114–132)## | 140 (131–148)**ΔΔ |
| DBP, mmHg | 73 (68–79) | 82 (76–88)** | 77 (70–81)*## | 84 (75–89)**ΔΔ |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.47 (5.20–5.85) | 5.97 (5.51–6.45)** | 5.62 (5.43–5.87)## | 5.96 (5.56–6.57)**ΔΔ |
| 2hPG, mmol/L | 6.41 (5.38–7.44) | 8.18 (6.98–9.67)** | 6.37 (5.49–7.60)## | 8.49 (6.64–9.95)**ΔΔ |
| HOMA-IR | 1.68 (1.25–2.32) | 2.38 (1.70–3.54)** | 2.48 (1.91–3.28)** | 3.53 (2.44–4.92)**##ΔΔ |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.21 (4.62–5.95) | 5.60 (4.99–6.20)** | 5.36 (4.66–5.95)# | 5.43 (4.87–6.13) |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.04 (0.80–1.37) | 1.96 (1.30–2.80)** | 1.19 (0.92–1.50)## | 1.94 (1.57–2.53)**ΔΔ |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.54 (1.31–1.81) | 1.28 (1.10–1.55)** | 1.36 (1.21–1.61)** | 1.22 (1.04–1.39)**#ΔΔ |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 3.05 (2.58–3.64) | 3.48 (3.01–4.01)** | 3.30 (2.61–3.86) | 3.42 (2.94–3.93)** |
Data were expressed as median (interquartile range).
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01, compared with MHNO;
#
P < 0.05,
##
P < 0.01, compared with MUNO;
Δ
P < 0.05,
ΔΔ
P < 0.01, compared with MHO.
2hPG, 2-h plasma glucose; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; fat%, fat percentage; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein; MHNO, metabolically healthy non-obese; MUNO, metabolically unhealthy non-obese; MHO, metabolically healthy obese; MUO, metabolically unhealthy obese; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.