Table 1.
Biometric and plasmatic measures of rats supplemented with orange lyophilizate from the southern hemisphere or vehicle in long-day and short-day photoperiods
| VHLD | OSLD | VHSD | OSSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (g) | 386.5 ± 12.66 | 383.6 ± 4.41 | 370.33 ± 10.99 | 378.33 ± 10.9 |
| Accumulated caloric intake (Kcal) | 504.79 ± 11.67 | 484.27 ± 8.35 | 507.07 ± 0.43 | 496.93 ± 11.98 |
| Fat (g) | 55.64 ± 4.41a | 54.78 ± 2.06a | 45.06 ± 1.29b | 53.56 ± 2.28a |
| Lean (g) | 309.74 ± 8.96 | 298.7 ± 9.1 | 295.76 ± 8.19 | 299.24 ± 9.91 |
| Fat (%) | 14.38 ± 0.75a | 14.79 ± 0.56a | 12.52 ± 0.34b | 14.18 ± 0.41a |
| Lean (%) | 80.71 ± 0.67 | 80.44 ± 0.5 | 80.94 ± 1.04 | 79.22 ± 0.32 |
| BAT (g) | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.16 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
| EWAT (g) | 12.02 ± 0.94a | 11.76 ± 0.4ab | 9.65 ± 0.67c | 9.8 ± 0.37bc |
| MWAT (g) | 8.04 ± 0.85 | 7.85 ± 0.44 | 6.53 ± 0.82 | 6.75 ± 0.26 |
| IWAT (g) | 5.82 ± 0.73 | 4.92 ± 0.57 | 4.52 ± 0.53 | 5.88 ± 0.77 |
| RWAT (g) | 10 ± 0.67ab | 10.4 ± 0.45a | 8.52 ± 0.58b | 9.17 ± 0.48ab |
| Adiposity index (%) | 9.22 ± 0.49a | 9.42 ± 0.17a | 7.72 ± 0.47b | 8.37 ± 0.38ab |
| BAT (%) | 0.092 ± 0.01 | 0.097 ± 0.004 | 0.086 ± 0.017 | 0.105 ± 0.023 |
| EWAT (%) | 3.09 ± 0.17a | 3.14 ± 0.12a | 2.6 ± 0.14b | 2.59 ± 0.07b |
| MWAT (%) | 2.06 ± 0.17 | 2.12 ± 0.13 | 1.74 ± 0.16 | 1.78 ± 0.05 |
| IWAT (%) | 1.5 ± 0.15 | 1.37 ± 0.14 | 1.25 ± 0.14 | 1.57 ± 0.22 |
| RWAT (%) | 2.58 ± 0.11ab | 2.79 ± 0.1a | 2.41 ± 0.05b | 2.43 ± 0.12b |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.65 ± 0.47 | 8.16 ± 0.12 | 7.83 ± 0.2 | 8.66 ± 0.16 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 142.06 ± 7.74 | 152.61 ± 9.49 | 197.9 ± 14.45 | 174.57 ± 8.56 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.73 ± 0.07 | 4.26 ± 0.19 | 4.06 ± 0.33 | 4.14 ± 0.17 |
| NEFA (mg/dl) | 22.49 ± 3.21 | 21.09 ± 0.59 | 23.34 ± 1.74 | 25.01 ± 1.42 |
| Insulin (ng/ml) | 5.54 ± 0.73 | 5.22 ± 0.68 | 4.04 ± 0.66 | 4.39 ± 0.63 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 18.56 ± 0.31 | 19.93 ± 0.98 | 16.59 ± 1.49 | 17.38 ± 1.22 |
Fischer 344 rats supplemented with orange lyophilizate from the southern hemisphere (OS) or vehicle (VH) in long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods. The adiposity index was computed as the sum of EWAT, MWAT, IWAT and RWAT deposit weights and expressed as a percentage of total body weight. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM and the four groups were compared by one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) followed by Duncan’s new multiple range (MRT) post hoc test
BAT Interscapular brown adipose tissue, EWAT epididymal white adipose tissue, MWAT mesenteric white adipose tissue, IWAT inguinal white adipose tissue, RWAT retroperitoneal white adipose tissue